品名

异丁腈; 异丙基氰; 2-甲基丙腈; Isobutyronitrile; Isopropylcyanide; 2-Methyl propionitrile; CAS：78-82-0

理化性质

无色液体,有杏仁味。分子式C4-H7-N。分子量69.10。相对密度0.773(20/20℃)。熔点-75℃。沸点107℃。闪点8℃。自燃点482℃。蒸气密度2.4。微溶于水; 易溶于乙醇及乙醚。遇热、明火、易燃烧爆炸。与氧化剂发生剧烈反应。加热或燃烧生成氮氧化物。

接触机会

用于有机合成。

国内主要生产厂商:上海试剂一厂

侵入途径

可经呼吸道、皮肤及消化道吸收。

毒理学简介

大鼠经口LD50: 50 mg/kg; 吸入LCLo: 1000 ppm/4H。小鼠LD50: 25 mg/kg。兔经皮LD50: 200 mg/kg。

属中等毒性。动物急性中毒症状有无力、血管扩张、震颤、抽搐、呼吸明显抑制。尿中硫氰酸盐排出增加。

对皮肤有轻度刺激作用。

临床表现

有报道工人接触10分钟（戴Ｋ型防毒面具）发生急性中毒,出现眩晕、恶心、步态不稳、呕吐、血压升高、脉搏加速、意识丧失、瞳孔散大、呼吸困难、反射减弱、口吐白沫。送医院治疗后有上肢阵挛及强直性痉挛,牙关紧闭,尿失禁,皮肤、粘膜紫绀,间断呼吸。给以人工呼吸及吸入亚硝酸异戊酯、注射3％亚硝酸钠和10％硫代硫酸钠后紫绀及脉速改善,加用山梗茶碱及输血等处理后逐渐恢复。数日后有遗忘症。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*Two milder inhalation exposures of isobutyronitrile were reported ... in which an unknown concentration of vapor produced headache, dizziness, and vomiting at 10-60 min after exposure. The intensity of symptoms varied with the concentration and duration of exposre. [R3, 347]

*A worker became unconscious following isobutyronitrile exposure. His immediate symptomatology included convulsive movements of upper limbs, soft and thready pulse, dilated pupils, shallow and gasping breathing and secretion of viscous mucus. After hospital admission, an exacerbation of the condition occurred with tonic-clonic movements of the upper extremities. The patient was cyanotic, the pulse faint and thready. The patient was treated intravenously with noradrenaline (1 mg) followed by amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulphate. The mans cyanotic condition diminished and his pulse strengthened, although his gasping breath and upper limb convulsions continued. He was given intravenous injections of lobeline and phenobarbital. Rapid improvement occurred and the patient recovered gradually, leaving the hospital symptom free at 14 days after admission. [R3, 347]

处理

参见<丙烯腈>。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：美国NIOSH REL TO ISOBUTYRONITRILE-air: 10H TWA 8 ppm

危规:GB3.2 类32161。UN NO.2284。IMDG CODE 3063-1页,3.2 类。副危险6.1 类。 　　　　

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