品名

己二腈; 1,4-二氰基丁烷; 四亚甲基二氰; Adiponitrile; Hexanedinitrile;  1,4-Dicyanobutane; Tetramethylenecyanide;  CAS：111-69-3

理化性质

纯品为无色至淡黄色、几乎无嗅的液体。分子式C6-H8-N2。分子量108.16。相对密度0.965(20/4℃)。熔点2.3℃。沸点295℃。闪点93℃(开杯)。蒸气密度3.73。蒸气压0.27kPa(2mmHg119℃）。微溶于水; 溶于乙醇、氯仿。遇热、明火可燃。燃烧产物可能含有氰化氢。能与氧化剂反应。

接触机会

主要用于制造合成纤维（如尼龙)、聚酰胺塑料。作业者可有接触

国内主要生产厂商:上海天原化工厂、辽阳石油化纤总厂、上海试剂一厂

侵入途径

可经皮肤、呼吸道和消化道吸收。

毒理学简介

大鼠经口LD50: 155 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 1710 mg/m3/4H。小鼠经口LD50: 172 mg/kg。兔经皮LDLo: 1 mg/kg。

属中等毒类。中毒表现为兴奋、抽搐和呼吸困难而迅速死亡。豚鼠皮下注射LD50 约为50mg/kg,其剂量的79％转化为硫氰酸盐随尿排出。有口服几毫升即发生急性中毒的病例报道,表现为头痛、眩晕、呕吐、脉搏及呼吸加速、意识朦胧、痉挛。

在体内能释放出氰离子,中毒机理参见<氢氰酸>。

临床表现

可参见<氢氰酸>。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*A CASE HISTORY OF HUMAN EXPOSURE ... REPORTED THE EFFECTS OF DRINKING "A FEW MILLILITERS" OF ADIPONITRILE BY AN 18 YR OLD MALE. ABOUT 20 MIN AFTER INGESTION HE EXPERIENCED TIGHTNESS IN THE CHEST, HEADACHE, WEAKNESS WITH DIFFICULTY IN STANDING, & VERTIGO. HE BECAME CYANOTIC, RESPIRATIONS WERE RAPID, & HE HAD LOW BLOOD PRESSURE & TACHYCARDIA. THE PUPILS WERE DILATED & BARELY REACTED TO LIGHT. HE EXHIBITED MENTAL CONFUSION & TONIC-CLONIC CONTRACTIONS OF LIMBS & FACIAL MUSCLES. [R13, 4881]

*... HUMAN SKIN EXPOSURES TO ADIPONITRILE RESULT IN SKIN IRRITATION & INFLAMMATION ... ONE CASE IN WHICH ADIPONITRILE CAUSED MASSIVE DESTRUCTION OF THE SKIN ON ONE FOOT. [R13, 4881]

*HIGHLY TOXIC BY INGESTION, INHALATION & SKIN ABSORPTION. IT PRODUCES DISTURBANCES OF RESPIRATORY & CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS. [R8]

*POISONING BY ADIPONITRILE RESEMBLES POISONING WITH HYDROCYANIC ACID ... . [R23]

*/Symptoms of/ human toxicity of adiponitrile ... /include/ deep anesthesia, headache, vertigo, vomiting, cyanosis of the skin and mucosa, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypotension, mydriasis, and clonic convulsions of the limbs. [R24, 327]

处理

参见<氢氰酸>。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：

美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 8.8 mg/m3 (2 ppm) (皮肤)

俄罗斯: STEL 10 mg/m3

危规：GB6.1 类61630。原铁规:有机有毒品,84049。UN NO.2205。IMDG CODE 6008-3页,6.1 类。 　　　　

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