品名

四氯化钛; Titanium tetrachloride; CAS:7550-45-0

理化性质

纯品是有酸臭味的无色透明液体。与大气接触后即与其中的水蒸气反应,生成有腐蚀性白烟氯化氢。分子式TiCl4。分子量189.73。相对密度1.72。熔点－25℃。沸点136.4 ℃。可溶于冷水、乙醇。

接触机会

生产金属钛、颜料和涂料; 用作聚乙烯聚合催化剂,与强氧化剂硫氰酸盐合用作媒染剂。

国内主要生产厂商:天津化工厂、上海第二冶炼厂

侵入途径

由呼吸道和皮肤侵入。

毒理学简介

大鼠吸入LC50: 400 mg/m3。小鼠吸入LC50: 100 mg/m3/2H。

四氯化钛水解可产生盐酸,蒸气对粘膜和皮肤有强烈的刺激作用,液体有腐蚀作用。狗吸入四氯化钛数小时后出现呼吸困难,发生肺炎和肺水肿。小鼠吸入2小时的MLC为10mg/m^3。

临床表现

吸入四氯化钛雾,出现强烈的眼和上呼吸道刺激症状。并可出现支气管炎、肺炎或肺水肿。

皮肤直接接触四氯化钛液体,可发生严重灼伤。治愈后可见黄色色素沉着。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*... OBSERVED DAMAGE TO CORNEAS IN FIVE HUMAN BEINGS WHO HAD BEEN SEVERELY EXPOSED TO THESE FUMES, WITH PARTICULARLY SEVERE EFFECTS ON CORNEA IN PATIENTS WHO DIED FROM EXPOSURE. [R19]

*... ABOUT 50 L OF TITANIUM CHLORIDE @ TEMP OF 100 DEG C, WAS OPENED ... & OPERATOR WAS SPLASHED WITH LIQUID. FUMES OF TITANIC ACID & TITANIC OXYCHLORIDE ... WERE INHALED. SURFACE SKIN BURNS, ... MARKED CONGESTION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF PHARYNX, VOCAL CORDS & TRACHEA, ... STENOSIS OF LARYNX, TRACHEA & UPPER BRONCHI ... . [R20, 334]

*A cross-sectional survey of respiratory disease among 209 titanium metal production workers /was conducted/. Work in areas where there was exposure to titanium tetrachloride and titanium dioxide particulates was associated with reductions in ventilatory capacity. Pleural disease (plaques and diffuse thickening) was present in the chest radiographs of 17% of the subjects and was associated with the duration of work in titanium manufacturing. It was also associated with past asbestos exposure. After control for asbestos exposure, it remained associated with titanium manufacturing. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that titanium tetrachloride and titanium dioxide particulates may be associated with a reduction in ventilatory capacity and that the overall process of titanium manufacturing may be associated with unexpected pleural disease. [R21]

*A case of endobronchial polyps following inhalation injury caused by titanium tetrachloride was investigated. A 50 year old chemical engineer was working on a glass pipe containing titanium tetrachloride when it broke, spraying his head, neck, chest, and back with the liquid. The patient was wearing a mask but removed it after running to a nearby sink to flush the material from his face and chest. For approximately 2 minutes he inhaled the vapor from a cloud that formed when the chemical was exposed to air. He was hospitalized in respiratory failure. Treatment involved endotracheal intubation, and ventilation therapy. Aspiration pneumonia was treated with antibiotics. Five weeks after admission, his chest X-ray was normal, but he developed progressive carbon dioxide retention and respiratory insufficiency requiring a return to ventilator therapy. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated erythema of the entire bronchial tree with thickening of the carina and all of the lobar and segmental spurs. There were approximately 35 to 40 fleshy polypoid lesions on both sides of the bronchial tree, some isolated, others multiple, occluding bronchi at various segmental and subsegmental areas. Some lesions were pedunculated and demonstrated a ball valve effect occluding bronchi upon inspiration. Biopsies revealed granulation tissue with acute inflammation. Treatment was with high dose intravenous corticosteroids. Bronchoscopy 10 days later revealed a marked decrease in the number and size of the remaining polyps with approximately 15 now visible. One year after injury, bronchoscopy showed return to near normal of many of the previously stenotic lobar, segmental, and subsegmental bronchial orifices. /It was concluded/ that these polyps were compatible with a reparative process to the tracheobronchial injury. Diffuse bronchial polyposis should be considered as a cause of delayed respirator weaning in patients with inhalation injuries. [R22]

*The extremely low toxicity of titanium and several of its compounds (titanium salicylate, oxides, peroxide, and tannate) when in contact with skin and tissues has been demonstrated by its use in the therapy of skin disorders. The biocompatibility of titanium is high as shown by its vast use as an implant material in orthopedics, oral surgery and neurosurgery. The small amounts of titanium occasionally released from implants into adjacent tissues have not caused any adverse effects. /Titanium and its compounds/ [R6, 602]

处理

四氯化钛污染皮肤时,应尽快用布或软纸将液体吸除,然后用水冲洗,以防止四氯化钛遇水产热,并生成盐酸,加重灼伤和扩大灼伤范围。

吸入四氯化钛时,应立即雾化吸入5％碳酸氢钠溶液以中和四氯化钛分解时产生的氯化氢。吸氧。保持呼吸道通畅。安静休息,减少氧的消耗。给予支气管舒缓剂。严密观察病情,防治肺水肿参见<急性刺激性气体中毒性肺水肿的治疗>。

其他对症处理。

标准

危规:GB8.1 类81051。原铁规:一级无机酸性腐蚀物品,91026。UN NO.1838。IMDG CODE 8227页,8类。

本内容搜集自互联网，版权归原作者所有