品名

二甲胺; N-甲基甲胺; Dimethylamine; N-Methylmethanamine; CAS：124-40-3

理化性质

无色气体。高浓度或压缩液化时有强烈令人不快胺味,浓度极低时有鱼油恶臭。分子式C2-H7-N。化学式(CH3)2NH。分子量45.08。相对密度0.6804(0/4℃)。熔点-92.19℃。沸点6.88℃。闪点-17.78℃。自燃点400℃。蒸气密度1.55。蒸气压202.65kPa(10℃)。蒸气与空气混合物爆炸限2.8～14.4% 。易溶于水; 溶于乙醇和乙醚。强碱性。腐蚀铜、铜合金、锌合金、铝和镀锌表面。它在市场上以压缩液体或水溶液形式销售。遇热、明火易燃烧爆炸。能与氧化物反应。加热分解生成氮氧化物。

接触机会

用作药物(抗组胺药)、硫化促进剂、杀虫剂(Dimetoo)、皮革脱毛剂、洗涤精、肥皂等的原料。

国内主要生产厂商:太原化学工业公司、上海染料化工厂、江西星火化工厂、重庆氮肥厂、陕西红星化工厂、青海黎明化工厂

侵入途径

经皮肤、呼吸道、消化道侵入机体。

毒理学简介

大鼠经口LD50: 698 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 4540 ppm/6H。小鼠经口LD50: 316 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 4725 ppm/2H。

本品对皮肤、粘膜具剧烈刺激性。本品几乎未加变化地经尿排泄。

暴露在低于致死浓度环境条件下的动物,可致气管炎、气管支气管炎、肺炎与肺水肿。液态二甲胺接触皮肤可引起局部坏死; 接触眼可引起角膜损伤,角膜混浊。

IDLH: +500 ppm [R24]

临床表现

对眼、鼻、咽喉与呼吸道有强烈刺激作用。其水溶液对皮肤亦有刺激作用。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*Irritation of eyes and throat, sneezing, coughing and dyspnea;  pulmonary edema;  conjunctivitis;  dermatitis;  burns of skin and mucous membranes. [R37]

*... Vision has become misty and halos have appeared several hr after workmen have been exposed to the vapors of ... amines /incl dimethylamine/ at concn too low to cause discomfort or disability during several hr of exposure. ... The edema of the corneal epithelium, which is principally responsible for the disturbance of vision, clears spontaneously by the next day, but after exceptionally intense exposures the edema and blurring have taken several days to clear and have been accompanied by photophobia and discomfort from roughness of the corneal surface. [R38, 76]

*/Liquid/ causes smarting of the skin and first-degree burns on short exposure and may cause secondary burns on long exposure. [R19]

*Workers in a foundry complaining of breathlessness and choking were found to be exposed to 1-46 mg/cu m dimethylamine in the air. [R40, 79]

处理

参见<甲胺>。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：中国MAC 10 mg/m^3; 美国ACGIH TLV-STEL 27.6 mg/m3 (15 ppm)，TWA 9.2 mg/m3 (5 ppm)

危规：GB2.1类21044。UN NO.1032。IMDG CODE 2051页,2类。副危险3类和6.1 类。

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