品名

乙醇酸; 羟基乙酸; Glycolic acid; Hydroxyacetic acid; Hydroxyethanoic acid; CAS：79-14-1

理化性质

无嗅、吸湿性晶体。分子式C2-H4-O2。分子量76.05。熔点63℃(α晶格); 79℃(β晶格)。达沸点时即分解。溶于水、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙酸、乙醚。加热分解,放出辛辣烟。

接触机会

广泛用于皮革、织品、电镀、粘合剂及金属增亮等部门。

国内主要生产厂商:上海化工厂

侵入途径

皮肤、消化道。

毒理学简介

大鼠经口LD50: 1950 mg/kg。

属低毒类。室温下,70%的本品雾化给大鼠吸入6小时不引起症状。70%浓度的工业品可致皮肤、眼的严重灼伤,浓度在20%时反应明显减轻。

临床表现

主要表现为皮肤和眼等的刺激症状和体征。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*MILD IRRITANT TO SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES. [R8]

*IT PRODUCES VERY SEVERE BURNS OF SKIN OR EYE IN 70% TECHNICAL SOLN. @ 20% REACTION IS GREATLY REDUCED. [R11, 1803]

*MODERATELY TOXIC BY INGESTION. [R12]

*Ethylene glycol intoxication produces a severe metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap. ... Three patients with this intoxication /were examined/ to identify the organic acids that cause acidemia in humans and to determine how effectively these acids can be removed during dialysis. All patients had markedly elevated glycolic acid levels of more than 7 meq/l and two patients had lactic acidosis with lactic acid levels of greater than 5.0 meq/l. Hemodialysis clearance of glycolic acid was 105 ml/min and 159 meq was removed in 3 hours. After hemodialysis using a bicarbonate dialysate the mean anion gap decreased from 34 to 23 meq/l;  the mean serum bicarbonate concentration increased from 5.5 to 20 meq/l. Therefore glycolic and lactic acids are important in the acidosis caused by ethylene glycol intoxication in humans. Hemodialysis treatment with a bicarbonate dialysate is an efficient method for removing glycolic acid and resolving acidemia. [R13]

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