品名

乙酸甲酯; Methyl acetate; CAS：79-20-9

理化性质

无色易挥发液体,有水果香味。分子式 C3-H6-O2,分子量 74.08。相对密度 0.9330(20/4℃)。熔点 -98.7℃。沸点 57℃。闪点 -10℃(闭杯)。自燃点 501.67℃。蒸气密度 2.55。蒸气压 13.33 kPa（9.4℃)。蒸气与空气混合物可燃下限 3.1 ～16% 。20℃时,水中溶解约30%; 溶于苯、丙酮、氯仿; 与乙醇、乙醚相混溶。遇热、明火、氧化剂易燃。遇热、明火会爆炸。能与氧化剂发生剧烈反应。

接触机会

用于制造皮革、油漆、去漆剂、硝化纤维素、乙酰纤维素、树脂、油、合成香料的溶剂等。

国内主要生产厂商: 上海造漆厂

侵入途径

经呼吸道、消化道及皮肤侵入。

毒理学简介

人吸入TCLo: 15000 mg/m3。

大鼠经口LD50: >5 gm/kg; 吸入LCLo: 32000 ppm/4H。小鼠吸入LCLo: 34 gm/m3/4H。兔经皮LD50: >5 gm/kg。

本品在体内可被完全皂化,生成甲醇和乙酸,但这种反应要比水解其他乙酸乙进行的慢。

人能的感觉到的阈浓度为 0.0005mg/l,最大不能感觉的浓度为 0.0004mg/l,在浓度为 15mg/l 的化学纯的本品中暴露 5分,可引起眼、鼻、喉及气管的刺激。意外吸入本品蒸气 45 分钟后,可引起剧烈头痛和精神萎糜,可持续数小时。

IDLH: +3100 ppm (Based on 10% of the lower explosion limit for safety considerations even though the relevant toxicological data indicated that irreversible health efects or impairment of escape existed only at higher concentrations.) [R19]

临床表现

主要临床表现有粘膜刺激和中枢麻醉。由乙酸甲酯分解产生的甲醇可引起甲醇中毒表现。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*CASES OF SLIGHT POISONING UNDER INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS ... WERE MANIFESTED BY HEADACHE, DROWSINESS, VERTIGO, EYE BURNS, LACRIMATION, PALPITATION, CONSTRICTED FEELING IN CHEST AND DYSPNEA. ONE CASE OF BLINDNESS HAS BEEN REPORTED. [R5, 782]

*... OCULAR AND NERVOUS DISTURBANCES /HAVE BEEN REPORTED/ IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO ... VAPOR. [R9]

*IN MAN 10000 PPM OR 30 MG/L FOR A SHORT TIME CAUSED IRRITATION WHICH PERSISTED AFTER EXPOSURE STOPPED. /FROM TABLE/ [R11, 2272]

*NO CASES OF IRRITATION OR SYSTEMIC INJURY HAVE BEEN REPORTED FROM INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURES AT OR BELOW 200 PPM. [R9]

*In man, high concentrations of vapor cause irritation to the eyes and mucous membranes. Cases of slight poisoning under industrial conditions have been known. These were manifested by headache, drowsiness, vertigo, eye burns, lacrimation, palpitation, a constricted feeling in the chest and dyspnea. One case of blindness has been reported but no case of lethal poisoning. [R5, 782]

处理

中毒患者应迅速移离现场。用清水冲洗眼部, 用肥皂和清水冲洗身体的其他污染部位—。可用 4％碳酸氢钠洗胃。对症治疗。若出现甲醇中毒症状,则按甲醇中毒处理。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：中国 MAC 100mg/m^3;  美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 606mg/m^3, STEL 760mg/m^3。

危规：GB 3.2 类 32126。原铁规: 一级易燃液体, 61108。UN NO.1231。IMDG CODE 3087页, 3类。

参考文献

Plunkett ER. Handbook of Industrial Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: Chemical Publishing Co,Inc., 1987:340. 　　　　

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