品名

丙腈; 乙基氰; 氰基乙烷;  Propionitrile;  Proanenitrile;  Ethylcyanide;  Cyanoethane;  CAS：107-12-0

理化性质

无色液体,气味似醚。分子式C3-H5-N。分子量55.08。相对密度0.7818(20/4℃)。熔点-91.8℃。沸点97.2 ℃。闪点2.22℃。蒸气密度1.9。蒸气压5.33kPa(40mmHg22℃)。蒸气与空气混合物爆炸下限3.1 % 。40℃水中溶解11.9g/100g; 能与乙醇、乙醚、二甲基甲酰胺混溶。受热分解放出氰化物和氮氧化物烟雾。与酸烟接触有毒。遇热、明火、强氧化剂易燃。

接触机会

主要用于有机合成、腈纶生产、溶剂等。

国内主要生产厂商:北京化工厂、上海试剂四厂、天津化学试剂二厂、上海金山县朱泾化工厂

侵入途径

可经呼吸道、皮肤、消化道吸收。

毒理学简介

大鼠经口LD50: 39 mg/kg; 吸入LCLo: 500 ppm/4H。小鼠经口LD50: 35797 ug/kg; 吸入LC50: 163 ppm/1H。兔经皮LD50: 210 uL/kg。

属高毒类。毒作用与氢氰酸相似,但症状发展较慢,对皮肤粘膜有轻微刺激作用。豚鼠皮下注射LD50 的剂量,估计70％转变成硫氰酸盐。

在体内能迅速析出氰离子,发病机理参见<氢氰酸>。

临床表现

可参考<丙烯腈>及<氢氰酸>,但刺激症状较轻。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*A case of cyanide poisoning resulting from exposure to propionitrile was decribed. A 55 year old male employed at a chemical facility suffered dermal and respiratory exposure while attempting to repair a pump leaking propionitrile. Although he was wearing gloves, he did not have any other protective equipment. He rapidly lost consciousness and was taken to the infirmary. Upon arrival at the infirmary, he was comatose and unresponsive. He was administered oxygen at the rate of 5 l/min and transferred to the intensive care unit of a hospital. Clinical studies showed evidence of respiratory alkalosis and mild metabolic acidosis. The patient received 4 g hydroxycobalamin and 8 g sodium thiosulfate intravenously over 30 minutes. The symptoms completely cleared up over the next hr. Blood cyanide and thiocyanate concentrations were monitored. Before receiving the hydroxycobalamin and thiosulfate treatment, his blood cyanide concn was 5.71 ug/ml. The thiocyanate concn was negligible. After the cyanide/thiosulfate infusion was completed, the blood cyanide concn had decreased to 0.93 ug/ml and the thiocyanate had increased to 21.1 ug/ml. The thiocyanate concentrations returned to the baseline value 5 hr after treatment. ... Propionitrile can release cyanide and produce serious poisoning after skin or inhalation exposure. The combination of sodium thiosulfate and hydroxycobalamin is an effective antidote.  [R28]

处理

参见<丙烯腈>,对严重者的处理参见<氢氰酸>。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：

美国NIOSH REL TO PROPIONITRILE-air: 10H TWA 6 ppm

危规:GB3.2 类32160。原铁规:一级易燃液体,61137。UN NO.2404。IMDG CODE 3100-1页,3.2 类。副危险6.1 类。 　　　　

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