品名

丙烯酸甲酯;  2-丙烯酸甲酯;  败脂酸甲酯; Methyl acrylate;  Acrylic acid, methyl ester; 2-Propenoic acid, methyl ester; CAS：96-33-3

理化性质

无色透明液体。有辛辣味,是一种催泪物。分子式C4-H6-O2。化学式CH2=CHCOOCH3。分子量86.09。相对密度 0.956(20/4℃)。熔点 -76.5 ℃。沸点 80.5℃。闪点 -2.78℃(闭杯)。蒸气密度 3.0。蒸气压 13.33KPa(28℃)。蒸气与空气混合物爆炸下限 2.8～25% 。在水中溶解度: 6g/100ml(20℃); 溶于乙醇、乙醚。在贮存期间易自动聚合,故需加抑制剂。热量、光或过氧化物能使聚合加速。遇热、明火,易燃、易爆。能与氧化物反应。

接触机会

用于合成纤维、涂料、橡胶、皮革等工业。

国内主要生产厂商: 北京东方化工厂、苏州安利化工厂、淄博有机化工厂、吉林公司电石厂、抚顺化学纤维厂

侵入途径

主要经呼吸道进入人体,亦可经皮肤吸收。

毒理学简介

人吸入TCLo: 75 ppm。大鼠经口LD50: 277 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 1350 ppm/4H。小鼠经口LD50: 827 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 12800 mg/m3。兔经皮LD50: 1243 mg/kg。

丙烯酸甲酯在体内水解为酸和醇,并进一步代谢。毒性比相应饱和酯（丙酸甲酯）为大,有明显的刺激作用。缓慢吸收可能影响肝、肾。人吸入 250～500mg/m^3 时,对粘膜有刺激作用。

临床表现

口服急性中毒者出现口腔、食道、胃明显腐蚀症状,伴有虚脱、呼吸困难、烦躁等。吸入后出现显著的刺激症状,有流涎、眼结膜充血及显著的呼吸道刺激。高浓度吸入后可引起肺水肿。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*LETHARGY & CONVULSIONS MAY OCCUR IF VAPOR OF THE MONOMER ARE INHALED IN HIGH CONCN. [R2]

*RESPIRATION BECOMES RAPID. ... /CAUSES/ SERIOUS BURNS OF CORNEA ... CLOTHES OR GLOVES WHICH MAY BE SATURATED WITH ACRYLATE CAN FACILITATE ABSORPTION, & GIVE RISE TO ... IRRITATION OF SKIN. [R21, 86]

*METHYL ACRYLATE IS HIGHLY IRRITATING ... TO GI TRACT. ... CHRONIC ABSORPTION MAY AFFECT LIVER & KIDNEY TISSUE. A CASE HAS BEEN DOCUMENTED ... WHERE A DOSE OF 1000 MG/KG ADMIN SUBCUTANEOUSLY PROVED TO BE FATAL. [R12, 2294]

*METHYL ACRYLATE IS AN IRRITANT IN 10/30 PT @ 20 PPH IN OLIVE OIL. IT IS ALSO AN ALLERGEN (2/22 CASES). BECAUSE OF ITS IRRITATING PROPERTIES, THE CONCN OF 2 PPH IS PROPOSED FOR ALLERGENIC INVESTIGATION, A RISK OF SENSITIZATION DUE TO TEST REPETITION EXISTS. [R36]

*A GROUP OF 105 WORKERS WERE EXAMINED WHO HAD BEEN IN CONTACT WITH METHYLACRYLATE. INTRADERMAL SAMPLES SHOWED POS HEMAGGLUTINATION REACTIONS IN 76.1% EXPOSED;  53.7% OF THE WORKERS SHOWED THE CLINICAL PRESENCE OF 3 ALLERGIES (DERMATITIS, ECZEMA, & URTICARIA). [R37]

*WHEN COMPARING STRAIGHT WITH BRANCHED CHAIN ACRYLATES, ETHYL ACRYLATE BY ORAL ROUTE MAY BE ONLY HALF AS TOXIC AS METHYL ACRYLATE, BUT EIGHT TIMES AS TOXIC AS METHYL METHACRYLATE, & 13 TIMES AS TOXIC AS ETHYL METHACRYLATE. [R12, 2292]

处理

口服者按内科服毒急救原则处理。

由呼吸道吸入而中毒者,应迅速移离现场至新鲜空气处。雾化吸入中和药物。吸氧、止咳、解痉,必要时吸氧等对症治疗和支持疗法。严重者积极防治肺水肿。

标准

车间空气卫生标准: 中国 MAC 20mg/m^3; 美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 35 mg/m3 (10 ppm) (皮肤)。

危规: GB 3.2 类 32146。原铁规: 一级易燃液体, 61115。UN NO.1919。IMDG CODE 3088页, 3类。 　　　　

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