品名

三氯乙酸; Trichloroacetic acid; Perchloroacetic acid; TCA; CAS：76-03-9

理化性质

稍有特异气味易潮解的无色结晶体。分子式C-H-Cl3-O2。分子量163.4。相对密度1.6298(61/4℃)。熔点57～58℃。沸点197.5 ℃。蒸气压0.13 kPa(1mmHg51℃)。易溶于水、乙醇和乙醚。有较强腐蚀性。遇苛性碱加热生成氯仿、碱金属碳酸盐。不易燃。受高热分解生成氯仿、氯化氢、二氧化碳、一氧化碳。

接触机会

工业上用于合成,医学上用作检验白蛋白的试剂,农业上用于除草。上述生产及使用部门均可接触。

国内主要生产厂商:湖南株州新城化工厂、上海试剂三厂

侵入途径

皮肤和消化道等。

毒理学简介

小鼠腹腔注射LDLo: 500 mg/kg; 皮下注射LD50: 270 mg/kg。

属低毒类。皮肤直接接触易产生严重的组织灼伤。小鼠经口LD50 为6540mg/kg,大鼠为3320mg/kg。动物灌胃后出现不安、对音响及疼痛刺激的反应增高、呼吸障碍、运动共济失调、肢体瘫痪等。中毒后1～3小时死亡,尸检见胃粘膜出血和坏死、脑出血。

临床表现

接触部位可出现刺激或灼伤等表现。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*/IT IS/ A CORROSIVE ORGANIC ACID WHICH RAPIDLY PENETRATES AND "FIXES" TISSUES. SYSTEMIC EFFECTS ARE PRESUMABLY SECONDARY TO GI DAMAGE AND TO ACIDOSIS, NOT DUE TO TOXICITY (IE SIMPLE SALTS ARE NOT HAZARDOUS). [R34]

*TCA IS CAPABLE OF CAUSING BURNS ON SKIN UPON PROLONGED CONTACT OF 1 HR OR MORE & IS VERY PAINFUL IN EYES & MAY CAUSE INJURY. DUST IS VERY IRRITATING TO NOSE & THROAT ... NOT LIKELY TO CAUSE SYSTEMIC INJURY ... . [R35, 407]

*ACUTE POISONING: INGESTION--SEVERE, BURNING PAIN IN MOUTH, PHARYNX, & ABDOMEN FOLLOWED BY VOMITING & DIARRHEA OF DARK PPT BLOOD. BLOOD PRESSURE FALLS SHARPLY. BROWNISH OR YELLOWISH STAINS MAY BE FOUND AROUND OR IN MOUTH. ASPHYXIA OCCURS FROM EDEMA OF GLOTTIS. ... INHALATION ... COUGHING, CHOKING ... DIZZINESS & WEAKNESS FOLLOWED AFTER 6-8 HR LATENT PERIOD BY PULMONARY EDEMA WITH TIGHTNESS IN THE CHEST, AIR HUNGER ... FROTHY SPUTUM, & CYANOSIS. ... MOIST RALES, LOW BLOOD PRESSURE AND HIGH PULSE PRESSURE. CHRONIC POISONING: (FROM INHALATION) LONG EXPOSURE TO ACID FUMES MAY CAUSE EROSION OF TEETH FOLLOWED BY JAW NECROSIS. BRONCHIAL IRRITATION WITH CHRONIC COUGH & FREQUENT ATTACKS OF BRONCHIAL PNEUMONIA ARE COMMON. GI DISTURBANCES ARE ALSO NOTED. IN ACUTE POISONING, HEMOCONCENTRATION MAY BE INDICATED BY RISE IN RED BLOOD CELL COUNT & HEMATOCRIT. /ACID & ACID-LIKE CORROSIVES/ [R36]

*NONSPECIFIC SYMPTOMS OF GASTRIC IRRITATION EXPECTED INCLUDING VOMITING, DIARRHEA, & LASSITUDE. [R26, 450]

*Chemexfoliation (chemical peeling) is being used to obtain both therapeutic (eg, actinic keratoses) and cosmetic (eg, removal of fine facial rhytides) benefits. Phenol, one of the most widely used agents for inducing cutaneous exfoliation, may induce cardiac arrhythmias and is toxic to the liver and kidneys. Trichloroacetic acid is not significantly absorbed and therefore does not produce systemic complications. Both phenol and trichloroacetic acid may produce hypertrophic scars and/or keloids and pigmentation irregularities, may accentuate preexisting abnormalities (eg, telangiectasias, nevi, and pores), and may be associated with a flare of latent herpesvirus infection. Prolonged erythema of the treated areas and persistent rhytids have been reported with both agents. [R37]

?After administration of a single oral dose of 3 mg/kg bw trichloroacetic acid to healthy volunteers, the mean plasma half life of the compound was about 50 hr and the volume of distribution was about 115 ml/kg bw [R38]

处理

参见<甲酸>。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：

美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 6.7 mg/m3 (1 ppm)

澳大利亚: TWA 1 ppm (7 mg/m3)

比利时: TWA 1 ppm (6.7 mg/m3)

丹麦: TWA 1 mg/m3

法国: TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3)

荷兰: TWA 1 mg/m3

俄罗斯: STEL 5 mg/m3, 皮肤

瑞士: TWA 1 ppm (7 mg/m3)

英国: TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3)

保加利亚,哥伦比亚,约旦,韩国 参照美国 ACGIH TLV;

新西兰,新加坡,越南 参照美国 ACGIH TLV。

危规：GB8.1 类81606。原铁规:二级有机酸性腐蚀物品,94005。UN NO.839(固体)、2564(液体)。IMDG CODE 8229页,8类。 　　　　

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