品名

三氧化锑; 三氧化二锑; 氧化亚锑; 亚锑酸酐; 锑华; 锑白; Antimony trioxide; CAS：1309-64-4

理化性质

白色无嗅结晶粉末。分子式Sb2O3。分子量291.52。相对密度5.2(方锑矿)。熔点656℃。沸点1425℃。蒸气压0.13kPa(1mmHg574℃)。不溶于冷水; 微溶于热水、稀硫酸、稀硝酸; 溶于碱金属氢氧化物和硫化物、温酒石酸或酒石酸氢盐。在空气中加热其粉尘引起点燃和燃烧。燃烧和分解产物为锑烟。三价锑化物与过氯酸混合时趋向于形成爆炸性混合物。

接触机会

作为帆布防燃剂,用于搪瓷和玻璃、媒染剂、纤维催化剂、油漆颜料、吐酒石等。生产与使用过程中易接触。锑精炼时的烟雾几乎全是Sb2O3。

国内主要生产厂商:湖南沅江县化工厂、上海试剂四厂、湖南益阳锑白厂、上海松江县张泽恒星化工厂

侵入途径

消化道与呼吸道。

毒理学简介

大鼠经口LD50: >34600 mg/kg。兔经皮LDLo: 2 gm/kg。

大鼠气管内注入12～15mg(直径<1μg)可引起肺水肿。

参见<锑及其化合物>。三氧化锑虽难溶于水,但从肺的吸收却不缓慢。对皮肤、粘膜有刺激作用。

IDLH: +80 mg/cu m /Antimony & cmpd (as Sb)/ [R59]

临床表现

参见<锑及其化合物>。

除对皮肤、粘膜有刺激作用外,也能引起鼻中隔穿孔、肺炎和胃肠症状。对心脏、末稍血、肝、肾损害也需注意。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*... /IN/ A PLANT MANUFACTURING ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE ... MEN ... CAME INTO CONTACT WITH BOTH DUST AND FUMES ... SKIN, EXCEPT FOR A SMALL PATCH OF IRRITATION IN 2 MEN, /WAS/ QUITE NORMAL, AND THESE MEN, IN SPITE OF A HIGH FECAL EXCRETION OF ANTIMONY FROM 10.3 TO 97.8 MG/DAY SHOWED NO OTHER SYMPTOMS OF POISONING. [R6, 33]

*Violent vomiting due to mucosal irritation is the main symptom of acute oral antimony intoxication. The vomit contains sloughed mucosal cells and most of the toxic antimony;  diarrhea and lowered resp rate lead to death. Myocardial edema, hyperemia, and capillary engorgement also contribute to the fatality. Symptoms of chronic antimony intoxication are dyspnea, weight and hair loss, papular eruptions on the skin, jaundice, albuminuria, damage to the heart and liver, hyperplasia of the spleen, glomerular nephritis, abnormal incr in erythrocytes, and decrease in leukocytes. Chronic inhalation of subtoxic doses of antimony salts causes interstitial pneumonitis, intraalveolar lipoid deposits, and liver and cardiac damage. /Antimony salts/ [R22]

*... ANTIMONY POISONING CLOSELY PARALLELS ARSENIC POISONING EXCEPT THAT VOMITING FROM ANTIMONY MAY BE MORE PROMINENT, PERHAPS BECAUSE ITS CMPD ARE LESS READILY ABSORBED THAN ARSENICALS. ... TRIVALENT ANTIMONY CMPD ... ARE MANY TIMES MORE LETHAL THAN PENTAVALENT DERIV. ... TOLERANCE TO ANTIMONY IS DENIED. /ANTIMONY SALTS/ [R23]

处理

参见<锑及其化合物>。

标准

车间空气卫生标准:中国MAC锑及其化合物1.0 mg/m^3(以Sb计); 美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.5 mg/m^3（以Sb计）

事故案例

*Oral. ... Seventy people who drank lemonade from preparations left overnight in white enamelware buckets (the enamel contained 2.88% antimony trioxide) became ill. Antimony trioxide had been leached from the enamel by the acidic lemonade. Fifty-six people were hospitalized, suffering from burning stomach pains, colic, nausea and vomiting;  most recovered within 3 hours. Analysis found that the lemonade contained 0.013% antimony. Each person ingesting 300 ml lemonade would have received 36 mg antimony, which is similar to an emetic dose listed in the British Pharmacopoeia. [R27]

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