品名

三氟化锑; 氟化亚锑; Antimony trifluoride; Antimony fluoride; CAS：7783-56-4

理化性质

无色斜方晶体,有吸湿性。分子式SbF3。分子量178.76。相对密度4.379(20/20℃)。熔点292℃。沸点376℃(也有报导319℃)。易溶于水。能引起一定程度的水解,可产生HF。当加热或与酸或酸烟接触放出有毒蒸气。燃烧产物为锑烟和氟化物。

接触机会

用于染料、陶器、瓷器及氟化物的制造等。生产与使用过程中可接触。

国内主要生产厂商:北京化工厂、上海试剂四厂、天津市化学试剂三厂

侵入途径

消化道与呼吸道。对皮肤粘膜有显著刺激作用。

毒理学简介

小鼠经口LD50: 804 mg/kg。

参见<三氯化锑>。由于遇水后可产生HF,在潮湿的空气中亦可产生HF,对皮肤、粘膜与呼吸道有明显的刺激作用。从致死量来看,比其它锑化合物毒性大。

临床表现

参见<锑及其化合物>。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 1. Severe gastritis or gastroenteritis with abdominal pain, retching, and prolonged vomiting, beginning 10-60 min after ingestion. Vomitus may become bloody. Diarrhea is sometimes violent;  the feces are watery and later tarry. Dehydration becomes intense. 2. Shock, pallor, cyanosis, and coldness. Rapid, weak or imperceptible pulse, low blood pressure, rapid and shallow respirations. 3. Sometimes breathing is deep and rapid, reflecting an accompanying metabolic acidosis. 4. Drowsiness, hyporeflexia, dilated pupils, coma. Vasomotor instability, shock or coma, and a serum iron level in great excess of the total iron binding capacity are poor prognostic signs. /Fluoride/ [R17,p. III-190]

*SYMPTOMATOLOGY: 5. Liver injury, consisting of hemorrhagic necrosis which is usually reversible. 6. Death from shock, usually in 4-5 hr. Sometimes following apparent recovery, pneumonia with fever or secondary shock may cause death 1-3 days later. 7. Among survivors, pyloric stenosis and mild hepatic cirrhosis may be encountered as persistent sequelae, but recovery is usually complete. /Fluoride/ [R17,p. III-190]

*Chronic poisoning: Intake of more than 6 mg of fluoride per day results in fluorosis. Symptoms are weight loss, brittleness of bones, anemia, weakness, general ill health, stiffness of joints. ... /Fluoride/ [R18]

*LETHAL DOSE FOR MAN OF SOL FLUORIDES WAS EST AT ... 2.5 G. ... INGESTION OF AS LITTLE AS 9 MG/KG HAS CAUSED HUMAN DEATHS. /FLUORIDES/ [R19]

*Repeated exposures to excessive concn of fluorides may increase radiographic density of bones and eventually may be responsible for anatomical abnormalities. /Fluorides/ [R20]

*Violent vomiting due to mucosal irritation is the main symptom of acute oral antimony intoxication. The vomit contains sloughed mucosal cells and most of the toxic antimony;  diarrhea and lowered resp rate lead to death. Myocardial edema, hyperemia, and capillary engorgement also contribute to the fatality. Symptoms of chronic antimony intoxication are dyspnea, weight and hair loss, papular eruptions on the skin, jaundice, albuminuria, damage to the heart and liver, hyperplasia of the spleen, glomerular nephritis, abnormal incr in erythrocytes, and decrease in leukocytes. Chronic inhalation of subtoxic doses of antimony salts causes interstitial pneumonitis, intraalveolar lipoid deposits, and liver and cardiac damage. /Antimony salts/ [R21]

处理

参见<锑及其化合物>。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：中国MAC锑及其化合物1.0 mg/m^3(以Sb计); 美国ACGIH TLV-TWA锑化合物0.5 mg/m^3（以Sb计）

危规：GB6.1 类61513。原铁规:无机有毒品,83107。

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