品名

三氟化硼; 氟化硼; Boron trifluoride; Trifluoroborane; Trifluoroboron; Boronfluoride; CAS：7637-07-2

理化性质

无色气体,有刺激性、窒息性气味。分子式BF3。分子量67.82。熔点-126.8℃。沸点-99.9℃。气体密度2.99g/l。易溶于水; 溶于浓硝酸、苯、氯仿、四氯化碳。在潮湿空气中冒浓密白烟。迅速水解生成硼酸和单或双羟基氟硼酸(也有报导水解产物为氟化氢和硼酸)。在热水、乙醇中易分解。加热分解成氟化氢。燃烧产物为氟化氢和氧化硼。能被碱金属或碱土金属还原为金属氟化物和硼。

接触机会

系由硼和氟直接化合成氧化硼和碳的混合物在氟气流中加热制得。用作有机聚合反应的催化剂。也用于制造火箭的高能燃料、核设备和作烟熏剂等。

国内主要生产厂商:辽宁省化工研究院、辽宁金州染料化工厂

侵入途径

主要经呼吸道吸入。

毒理学简介

大鼠吸入LC50: 1180 mg/m3/4H。小鼠吸入LC50: 3460 mg/m3/2H。

具有极强的刺激性。IDLH: +25 ppm [R26]

临床表现

吸入时有窒息感。急性中毒时,主要出现干咳、气急、胸闷、胸部紧迫感等呼吸道刺激症状。部分患者可有恶心、食欲下降、流涎。吸入量多时,可引起化学性肺炎,并可有震颤和阵挛性抽搐。

皮肤接触可致灼伤。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*At high concn, boron trifluoride causes burns to skin similar to those caused by hydrogen fluoride, although boron trifluoride burns do not penetrate as deeply as do hydrogen fluoride burns. [R21]

*A description of effects on 78 workers exposed from 10 to 15 yr to boron trifluoride, as reported in a USSR abstract, consisted of complaints of dryness & bleeding of nasal mucosa, bleeding gums, dry & scaly skin, & pain in joints. ... No specific ... concn were reported ... & ... there was /also/ concurrent exposure to ethylene & isobutylene with no reported concn ... . [R39, 2999]

*In ... manufacturing plant in USA, physical exams initiated in 1974 for small group of workers incl 7 with present & 6 with past exposures to boron trifluoride or other fluorides, ranging from 1 to 27 yr. Five of the 7 currently exposed, & 3 of 6 with previous exposures showed lower pulmonary function (forced VC & FEV) than predicted for normal population. Lowered pulmonary function was severe in 1, moderate in 3, & minimal in 1 of 7 currently exposed who had avg exposure of 13 yr. X-rays were negative, & no urinary fluorine concn were above acceptable preshift concn of 4 mg/l. [R39, 2999]

*Workers exposed to up to 90 mg/cu m (approx 32 ppm) for 10-15 yr developed dryness of nasal mucuous membranes and epistaxis (nosebleed). [R37, 2]

*Severe exposures can lead to severe irritation of the eyes and eyelids and to inflamation and congestion of the lung and circulatory (cardiovascular) collapse. Skin contact with the liquid or vapor can cause severe burns. [R40]

处理

参见<氟化氢>。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：中国MAC氟化物1 mg/m^3(以F计); 美国ACGIH TLVC 2.8mg/m^3(1 ppm)

危规：GB2.3类23018。原铁规:有毒气体,31014。UN NO.1008。IMDG CODE 2类。副危险6.1 类。

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