品名

一溴一氯二氟甲烷; 氯溴二氟甲烷; Bromochlorodifluoromethane; Bromodifluorochloromethane; Halon 1211; CAS：353-59-3

理化性质

无色气体。分子式C-Br-Cl-F2。分子量165.37。相对密度1.850(液体15℃)。熔点-161℃。沸点-4℃。遇明火或热金属表面,氟氯代烃可发生分解,分解产物可能包括氯化氢、氟化氢、氯气,与少量光气和氟光气。

接触机会

可用作灭火剂。

侵入途径

呼吸道吸入。

毒理学简介

大鼠吸入LC50: 20 pph/15M。

属低毒类。其在800℃时裂解气毒性增高,近似LC为0.8% 。

临床表现

人吸入4%浓度可产生轻微头痛,5%浓度对中枢神经系统有抑制作用。

处理

对症处理。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*... IF INHALATION OCCURS, EPINEPHRINE OR OTHER SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES & ADRENERGIC ACTIVATORS SHOULD NOT BE ADMIN SINCE THEY WILL FURTHER SENSITIZE HEART TO DEVELOPMENT OF ARRHYTHMIAS. /FLUOROCARBONS/ [R2, 3101]

标准

车间空气卫生标准：俄罗斯: STEL 1000 mg/m3

事故案例

美国HSDB引用文献：

*A case of fatal accidental inhalation of bromochlorodifluoromethane was examined. Two Israeli soldiers serving as gunner and driver inside a battle tank extinguished a small fire ignited by an electrical short circuit 1.36 kg portable fire exting extinguishers containing bromochlorofluoromethane. Within a few seconds of releasing the contents of the fire extinguishers both soldiers experienced dizziness and shortness of breath. The gunner who was seated at the turret immediately left the tank and his symptoms disappeared within 60 seconds. A physical examination revealed no abnormalities. Blood samples analyzed 20 hours after the accident showed no methemoglobin, cyanide or bromochlorofluoromethane. The driver was unable to extricate himself from the tank and could not inhale fresh air since his compartment was isolated by closed hatches. He was taken out unconcious with no pulse or spontaneous breathing a few minutes after the fire was extinguished. He died within 2 hours despite intesive cardiopulmonary resucitation efforts. Brain edema with heavy congestion were seen at autopsy. The alveoli were suffused with heavy blood fluid. His blood contained 0.7% methemoglobin. Bromochlorofluoromethane was detected. No cyanide or carboxyhemoglobin was observed. A simulation experiment in an identical tank using the same type of fire extinguishers indicated that bromochlorofluoromethane concentrations reached 1.9% in the drivers compartment within one minute and 5.8% in the turret within 30 seconds. The concentrations gradually decreased to 0 over the next 5 minutes. /It was/ concluded that all personnel should be evacuated to the open air before bromochlorofluoromethane is used. [R18]

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