品名

N,N-二甲基乙酰胺; 二甲基乙酰胺; N,N-Dimethylacetamide; Dimethylacetamide; Acetic acid dimethylamide; DMA; CAS：127-19-5

理化性质

无色、带有鱼腥味的液体。分子式C4-H9-N-O。分子量87.12。相对密度0.9366(25/4℃)。凝固点-20℃。沸点163～165℃。闪点77.22℃(开杯)。自燃点490℃。蒸气相对密度3.01。蒸气压0.17kPa(1.3mmHg25℃)。蒸气与空气混合物爆炸限2.0～11.5%(98.64kPa160℃)。可与水、许多有机溶剂混溶。温度高达350℃,分解为二甲胺和醋酸。遇热、明火可燃烧、爆炸。

接触机会

用作塑料、树脂、树胶的溶剂、去漆剂。

国内主要生产厂商:上海向阳化工厂

侵入途径

呼吸道,皮肤及消化道。

毒理学简介

大鼠经口LD50: 4300 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 2475 ppm/1H。小鼠经口LD50: 4620 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 7200 mg/m3。兔经皮LD50: 2240 mg/kg。

本品属低毒类。本毒物有轻度蓄积性。一定剂量多次作用后,能产生一定程度耐受性。毒物在体内代谢过程尚不清楚,可能是经脱甲基作用,在动物尿中可检出N-甲基乙酰胺和乙酰胺。

IDLH: +300 ppm [R13]

临床表现

大剂量口服为一种强的致幻剂。作为药物每天200～300mg/kg口服,可出现抑郁、昏睡,偶有精神障碍,包括定向障碍。最后有显著的幻觉、智力变化和时有妄想等。停止服用数天后,可恢复正常。脑电图可有轻度改变。死亡病例的脑组织未见病理改变。

生产现场长期接触高浓度(72～90mg/m^3),可有神经衰弱综合征和呼吸道刺激症状。部分工人肝脏损害。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*CERTAIN N-SUBSTITUTED AMIDES ... DIMETHYL ACETAMIDE, MAY PRODUCE CHRONIC LIVER OR RENAL DAMAGE. [R20, 1775]

*JAUNDICE HAS BEEN OBSERVED ... IN WORKERS EXPOSED REPEATEDLY AT ... 20-25 PPM ... SKIN PENETRATION UNDOUBTEDLY CONTRIBUTED TO THIS EFFECT. [R21]

*A study of 41 workers /who/ had been exposed to dimethylacetamide from 2 to 10 years revealed the occurrence of disorders reflecting liver damage. Retention of bromosulfophthalein was increased in 9 /of/ 10 workers who had been exposed to dimethylacetamide for 7 to 10 years, and in 10 /of/ 20 workers who had been exposed to dimethylacetamide for 2 to 7 years. Other parameters of hepatic function which were altered in the exposed individuals include proteinemia, cholesterolemia, activities of hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase in serum, and bilirubinemia. Hepatomegaly was diagnosed in 14 workers. [R25, 146]

处理

对症处理。

卫生标准

车间空气卫生标准:中国MAC 10 mg/m^3; 美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 36 mg/m3 (10 ppm)(皮肤)

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