品名

苯甲腈; 苄腈; 苯基氰; 氰化苯; 氰基苯;  Benzonitrile;  Phenylcyanide;  Cyanobenzene;  CAS：100-47-0

理化性质

无色透明油状液体,有杏仁味。分子式C7-H5-N。分子量103.12。相对密度1.010(15/15℃)。凝固点-12.78℃。沸点190.7℃。闪点75℃(闭杯)。蒸气密度3.6。蒸气压0.13 kPa (1mmHg28.2 ℃)。微溶于冷水,在沸水中溶解度为1%; 与通常有机溶剂混溶。侵蚀某些塑料。遇高热、明火可燃。加热分解和燃烧产物为氰化物和氮氧化物。与强氧化剂发生反应。

接触机会

用于有机合成,如制药、染料、合成橡胶中间体,乙烯树脂的溶剂。

国内主要生产厂商:上海南大化工厂

侵入途径

经皮肤、呼吸道和消化道吸收。

毒理学简介

大鼠经口LDLo: 720 mg/kg; 吸入LCLo: 950 ppm/8H; 经皮LD50: 1200 mg/kg。小鼠经口LD50: 971 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 1800 mg/m3。兔经皮LD50: 1250 mg/kg。

属中等毒类（吸入）。在体内,进入量50％在苯环上发生氧化,主要形成一元酚,少量形成二元酚,再与硫酸或葡萄糖醛酸结合后缓慢随尿排出。约有10％氰基水解,形成苯甲酸,而5％形成巯基尿酸随尿排出。

用原液或10％乳剂2滴滴入兔眼,均可致流泪、结膜轻度充血、水肿、瞳孔缩小,24小时后均恢复。毒作用与氰化氢或脂肪族腈类相似。同时给予乙醇可增强本品毒性。

临床表现

参见<丙烯腈>。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*Extensive reddening and blister formation resulted from accidental exposure of human skin to benzonitrile ... . Benzonitrile was tested at a concentration of 2% in petrolatum on 27 volunteers in a mixed panel, and was found to produce no sensitization reactions after a 48 hr closed-patch test. [R30]

*Following an occupational accident in which a workers head and clothng were drenched with benzonitrile, the worker suffered severe respiratory distress and tonic convulsions between periods of unconsciousness which lasted for 75 min. Thereafter he gradually recovered, but several years later he experienced episodes of unconsciousness which might have been related to the benzonitrile exposure. [R7, 332]

处理

参见<丙烯腈>。

标准

危规:GB6.1 类61638。原铁规:有机有毒品,84215。UN NO.2224。IMDG CODE 6034-1页,6.1 类。

本内容搜集自互联网，版权归原作者所有