品名

联苯; 苯基苯; Biphenyl; Diphenyl; Phenylbenzene; CAS：92-52-4

理化性质

白色片状固体。具有令人愉快气味。分子式C12-H10。分子量154.22。相对密度0991(75/4℃)。熔点70℃。沸点255℃。闪点112.78℃(闭杯)。自燃点540℃。蒸气密度5.31。蒸气压0.67kPa(5mmHg 101.8℃)。蒸气与空气混合物爆炸限0.6(11.11℃)～5.8%(166.1 1℃)。不溶于水; 溶于乙醇、乙醚。本品是有机化合物中热稳定的物质之一。遇热、明火、氧化剂可燃。

接触机会

常用于合成纤维工艺中作热载体,可加热到400℃而不分解。也用作水果的防霉剂; 还可用于有机合成。

国内主要生产厂商:上海焦化厂、鞍钢化工总厂、上海染化十厂、苏州溶剂厂、上海试剂一厂、上海试剂三厂

侵入途径

可经呼吸道,皮肤和消化道侵入机体。

毒理学简介

人吸入TCLo: 4400 ug/m3。

大鼠经口LD50: 2400 mg/kg; 吸入LC  :>200 mg/m3。小鼠经口LD50: 1900 mg/kg。兔经皮LD50: >5010 mg/kg。

在体内联苯可能和羟基及葡萄糖醛酸结合,经肾脏排出。

属低毒类。急性毒性,以本品的一次致死量和橄揽油灌胃,可见动物呼吸次数增加、流泪、食欲减退、衰弱、行动蹒跚、昏睡以至死亡。病理检查可见到肝脏脂肪变性和肾脏损害; 肺部有充血,水肿及炎性变。

IDLH: *100 mg/cu m [R14]

临床表现

急性中毒较少见。

如生产设备故障,大量蒸气逸出,可引起急性中毒。主要表现有神经系统症状,如头晕、头痛、甚至眩晕或嗜睡。也可引起恶心、呕吐等消化道症状,但极少发生。

高浓度蒸气可引起眼及上呼吸道明显刺激反应。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*One worker exposed repeatedly to concn as high as 123 mg/cu m for 10 years developed ... neurological & gastric symptoms, severe ascites massive edema in the legs. ... Diffuse brain damage ... Serum transaminase levels were high. ... Coma and death ensued after one month. At autopsy ... necrosis in the liver & kidney, with regions of cirrhosis in liver. Degenerative changes ... in heart muscle. Brain was edematous and degeneration of ganglion cells was seen. Bone marrow appeared hyperactive with large numbers of immature white and red blood cell precursors. [R25]

*Twenty-two ... workers /after exposure for 10 yr to approx 123 mg/cu m/ complained of headache, fatigue, abdominal pain with nausea or diarrhea and various symptoms of ... /polyneuropathy/. ... Damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems ... After 2 yr ... further neural degeneration ... . [R25]

*A French study describes transient nausea, vomiting and bronchitis in workers exposed to biphenyl vapors during paper impregnation. After a Finnish worker died in 1969 following heavy exposure to biphenyl for 11 years, a survey was made of all the process workers in the paper mill. Biphenyl impregnated, fruit wrapping paper had been produced under extremely poor hygienic conditions;  depending on the operation, average biphenyl concn in air varied from 4.4 to 128 mg/cu m in 1959 and from 0.6 to 123 mg/cu m in 1970. Such exposures had led to the poisoning of eight other workers. The clinical picture of biphenyl poisoning was characterized by central and peripheral nerve damage and liver injury. The cause of death was acute yellow atrophy of the liver. Although the prognosis in cases of biphenyl poisoning is as yet unknown, deterioration of the central and peripheral nervous functions was seen in some patients;  in others, slight improvement was noted. A detailed description of the neurological findings of the 24 exposed workers in this biphenyl impregnated paper plant has since been reported. Ten showed electroencephalographic abnormalities of a generally diffuse nature, which persisted 1 and 2 years later. Nine workers had electromyographic abnormalities, of which seven showed fibrillation of some muscles, and one showed a long rhythmic series of fasciculation resembling that in infantile spinal muscular atrophy. These electroneuromyographic abnormalities also persisted on reexamination. The recommendation implied was that electrophysiologic methods be applied for detection of early changes from biphenyl exposure. [R7, 137]

处理

迅速移离现场,给予对症及支持治疗。

标准

车间空气卫生标准:

美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 1.3 mg/m3 (0.2 ppm)

美国MSHA STANDARD-air: TWA 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3)

美国OSHA PEL(所有行业): 8H TWA 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3)

埃及: TWA 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3)

澳大利亚: TWA 0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m3)

奥地利: TWA 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3)

比利时: TWA 0.2 ppm (1.3 mg/m3)

丹麦: TWA 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3)

芬兰: TWA 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3), STEL 0.6 ppm (3 mg/m3), 皮肤

法国: TWA 0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m3)

德国: TWA 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3)

匈牙利: TWA 1 mg/m3, STEL 2 mg/m3, 皮肤

印度: TWA 0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m3)

荷兰: TWA 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3)

菲律宾: TWA 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3)

瑞典: TWA 0.2 ppm (1.3 mg/m3), STEL 0.4 ppm (2.5 mg/m3)

瑞士: TWA 0.2 ppm (1.3 mg/m3)

泰国: TWA 0.2 ppm (1 mg/m3)

英国: TWA 0.2 ppm (1.5 mg/m3), STEL 0.6 ppm

保加利亚,哥伦比亚,约旦,韩国 参照美国 ACGIH TLV;

新西兰,新加坡,越南 参照美国 ACGIH TLV

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