品名

糠醛; Furfural; CAS:98-01-1

理化性质

纯品为无色或淡黄色油状液体。分子式C5-H4-O2。分子量96.08。相对密度1.16。熔点-36.5 ℃。沸点162℃。具有芳香气味及可燃性。工业品因氧化而变为褐色液体。部分溶于水,易溶于乙醇、乙醚等。挥发性相对较低。

接触机会

在油漆、树脂、橡胶、制革、精制润滑油等工业中作为溶剂或化学中间体,在上述工业中使用本品过程中皆可接触本品。

国内主要生产厂商:北京日用化学品厂、吉林省延吉县龙井化工厂、辽宁省辽阳市石油化工厂、辽宁省新民化工厂、山西省山阴县有机化工厂、山东省济南轻工化学厂、陕西省渭南地区化工厂、新疆石河子糠醛厂、四川简阳化工厂、上海崇明化工厂、安徽省安庆糠醛厂、河南省安阳油脂化工厂

侵入途径

经呼吸道、消化道以及皮肤吸收。

毒理学简介

人吸入TCLo: 310 ug/m3。

大鼠经口LD50: 65 mg/kg；吸入LC50: 175 ppm/6H。大鼠经口LD50: 400 mg/kg；吸入LCLo: 370 ppm/6H。兔经皮LDLo: 620 mg/kg。

蒸气有强烈的刺激性,并有麻醉作用。猫吸入糠醛10.92g/m^3,30分钟后死亡,有呼吸道刺激现象、肺水肿和肝脏损害。糠醛液体易经皮肤吸收,引起中枢神经系统损害,呼吸中枢麻醉,以致死亡。另有报道，大鼠经口LD50 为127mg/kg。中毒后,出现中枢神经反应,如步态不稳、呼吸中枢麻痹与抽搐,并损害肝、肾、血液和骨髓。

临床表现

接触较高浓度后可出现皮肤、眼及上呼吸道粘膜刺激和头痛等症状。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*FURFURAL IS A PHOTOSENSITIZER. [R35]

*Workers chronically exposed to the vapor have had complaints of headache, fatigue, itching of the throat, lacrimation, loss of the sense of taste, numbness of the tongue, and tremor. Occupational overexposure is relatively rare due to the liquids low vapor pressure, and symptoms usually disappear rapidly after removal from exposure. [R36]

+... THOUGH MANY MILLIONS OF LB OF FURFURAL HAVE BEEN USED IN SOLVENT AND REFINING OPERATIONS AND IN SYNTHETIC RESIN INDUSTRY DURING A 15-YEAR PERIOD, FURFURAL HAS NOT BEEN CONSIDERED HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH UNDER ORDINARY PLANT CONDITIONS (IE, WITH ADEQUATE VENTILATION). ONLY OCCASIONAL INDIVIDUAL SENSITIVITY WAS ENCOUNTERED. [R37]

+THE VAPOR IS ... A CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM POISON. HOWEVER, ITS LOW VOLATILITY REDUCES ITS TOXIC EFFECT. [R19]

+INFORMATION IS CONFLICTING REGARDING THE TOXICITY OF FURFURAL VAPOR. ... /IT HAS BEEN/ CONCLUDED /BY SOME/ THAT THE PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF THE VAPOR WERE RELATIVELY MILD & SIMILAR TO THOSE OF BUTYL ALCOHOL. [R37]

+Furfural ... /is/ much less irritating than formaldehyde or acrolein. [R7, 2633]

处理

对症治疗。

标准

车间空气卫生标准:

中国MAC 10mg/m^3;

美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 7.9 mg/m3 (2 ppm) (skin)

美国美国NIOSH-IDLH: +100 ppm [R20]

危规: GB3.3类33581。原铁规:有机有毒品,84081。UN NO.1199。IMDG CODE 3140页,3.3类。

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