品名

碱性绿; 孔雀绿; Malachite green; C.I.Basic green 4; C.I.42000; CAS：569-64-2

碱性艳绿; Malachite green G; C.I.Basic green 1; C.I.42040; CAS：633-03-4

理化特性

碱性绿的分子式C23-H25-Cl-N2。分子量364.95。碱性艳绿的分子式C27-H34-N2-O4-S。分子量482.69。两者均为绿色结晶。溶于水和醇。

接触机会

二者主要用做印油、墨水、油漆的色淀和颜料。也用于棉、麻、丝、羊毛、纸张和木材的染色。

国内主要生产厂商:

碱性绿:天津染化二厂、江苏扬州染化厂、湖南新化染化厂、天津西流域化工总厂、浙江温州龙湾化工厂、湖南冷水江有机化工厂

碱性艳绿:天津染化二厂

侵入途径

可经呼吸道、消化道和皮肤吸收。

毒理学简介

碱性绿：小鼠经口LD50: 80 mg/kg。

碱性艳绿：大鼠经口 LDLo: 10 mg/kg。

二者毒性相似,属中等毒类。尸检见胃和小肠粘膜有表浅坏死,肺有充血、出血和急性肺气肿,肝中心静脉周围有细胞改变,血管腔内有溶血。大鼠吸入碱性艳绿粉尘104mg/m^3,第11天开始死亡。死亡动物尸检见气管和支气管粘膜灶性坏死,间质性肺炎,支气管扩张和肺气肿。时间再长,肝静脉周围出现化脓和内脏进行性变。

碱性艳绿的人经口MLD为50mg/kg。

临床表现

未见急性中毒报告。长期接触可发生高铁血红蛋白症和接触性皮炎。

美国HSDB引用文献：

碱性绿：*INGESTION CAUSES DIARRHEA & ABDOMINAL PAIN. [R4]

*... INJURIOUS TO ... EYE. IN ONE PATIENT AN ATTEMPT TO TREAT CONJUNCTIVITIS WITH 1% SOLN OF THIS DYE RESULTED IN DESTRUCTIVE KERATITIS WITH HYPOPYON & TERMINATED IN BILATERAL BLINDNESS DUE TO CORNEAL OPACIFICATION. [R10]

碱性艳绿：*Brilliant green ... has been employed topically on the skin as an antiseptic, but in contact with the eye is severely injurious. In one instance an attempt to treat conjunctivitis with 1% solution of this dye resulted in destructive keratitis with hypopyon and terminated in bilateral blindness due to corneal opacification. [R8]

*Ingestion causes diarrhea & abdominal pain. [R4]

*Eczema, cross-reaction with gentian violet and malachite green. [R9]

处理

对症治疗。如发生高铁血红蛋白症,参见<急性化学物中毒性高铁血红蛋白血症的治疗>。

美国HSDB专家小组推荐阳离子染料的眼污染的处理方法：

*In treatment of eyes contaminated with cationic dyes, first aid measures are aimed at getting rid of dye which has not reacted with the tissues. This includes copious irrigation, mechanical removal of particles, and in the case of imbedded colored pencil may necessitate surgical exploration and careful removal of the particles. Solutions of tannin or tannic acid precipitate cationic dyes and render them essentially noninjurious, but this disposes of only that portion of the dye which has not already reacted with the tissues. /It was/ determined experimentally that a 5% to 10% solution of tannin was effective essentially in a prophylactic sense if applied within three minutes following application of powdered basic dyes to the eyes of rabbits, but that the effectiveness of this treatment rapidly diminished after three minutes. Other forms of chemical treatment have been aimed at removing both combined and excess dye. However, studies of the reaction of cationic dyes with cornea in vitro have shown these dyes to bind very tenaciously and to be very difficult to remove from combination with the tissue. ... /Cationic dyes/ [R9, 384]

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