品名

硫化氢钠; 酸性硫化钠; 重硫化钠; Sodium hydrogen sulfide; Sodium bisulfide; CAS: 16721-80-5

理化性质

硫化氢钠无水盐是白色粉末。分子式NaHS。分子量56.07。相对密度1.79。熔点350℃。能在空气中被氧化变成黄色。易潮解。从水溶液可得二结晶水盐和三结晶水盐。

接触机会

用于聚硫化钠的合成和分析试剂等。

国内主要生产厂商:天津化工厂、彭山碱厂、唐山第一染料化工厂、辛集化工厂、湖南衡南化工农药厂、苏州化工厂

侵入途径

由皮肤侵入。由于有潮解性,以粉尘形式从呼吸道吸入的可能性小。

毒理学简介

大鼠腹膜内LD50: 14600 ug/kg。小鼠腹膜内LD50: 18 mg/kg。

在潮湿的空气中易分解成氢氧化钠和硫化钠,对皮肤、粘膜有刺激性。有可能从水溶液中产生硫化氢。

临床表现

口服后,口腔、食道、胃部烧灼痛、腹绞痛、呕吐血性胃内容物,血性腹泻。有时发生声哑、吞咽困难、休克、消化道穿孔。后期可发生胃肠道狭窄。

溅入眼内,可发生结膜炎、结膜水肿、结膜和角膜坏死。严重者可致失明。

皮肤接触后,可引起灼伤。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*The hydrosulfide anion (HS-) also forms a complex with methemoglobin known as sulfmethemoglobin, which is analogous to cyanmethemoglobin. Sulfmethemoglobin is a well-characterized entity as distinct from the confusion noted above surrounding the nature of sulfhemoglobin. ... Despite the lower binding affinity for sulfide, an induced methemoglobinemia provides unequivocal protection against death from acute sulfide poisoning in animals. The induction of methemoglobinemia was successful in the resuscitation of two humans severely poisoned by hydrogen sulfide. No rationale is seen for the use of thiosulfate in sulfide poisoning. As in the case of cyanide, oxygen does not affect the course of acute sulfide poisoning, but oxygen would be specifically indicated if pulmonary edema occurs. Unfortunately, hydrogen sulfide poisoning rarely occurs under circumstances in which a rapid intravenous injection of nitrite is possible. /Hydrosulfide/ [R21]

处理

皮肤污染可用清水彻底冲洗。溅入眼内时,迅速用大量清水冲洗。不可用酸性液体中和。参见<化学性皮肤灼伤的治疗>和<化学性眼灼伤的治疗>。

口服者,速给食用醋、3～5％乙酸(醋酸)或大量橘汁等中和。以后给生蛋清或植物油。禁忌催吐或洗胃。适当输液,纠正脱水、电解质失衡和休克。预防食管狭窄,在穿孔的危险过去后,应尽快做食管扩张术。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*A worker in a chemical synthetic factory had a presumed acute hydrogen sulfide intoxication and suffered from repetitive generalized tonic convulsions, cyanosis, shock and respiratory arrest. Dramatic response was obtained with amyl nitrate inhalation followed by intravenous administration of sodium nitrate and sodium thiosulfate. The rapid recovery without medical and neurological sequelae supports the efficacy of nitrite treatment in acute hydrogen sulfide intoxication. [R20]

标准

危规:GB8.2 类82014。UN NO.2949(含结晶水≥25%)。IMDG CODE 8214页,8类。GB4.2 类42011(含结晶水≤25%)。UN NO.2318。IMDG CODE 4122-1页,4.2 类。

参考文献

後藤稠,等编(中国医科大学卫生系,等译).工业中毒便览.上册.增补版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1983:133.

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