硝酸银_MSDS化学品安全技术说明书

硝酸银-MSDS化学品安全技术说明书

发表时间：2011-10-31浏览次数：评论：分享：顶：踩：

品名

硝酸银; Silver nitrat; CAS:7761-88-8

理化性质

无臭、无色或白色结晶。在空气中遇光不变色,但如与有机物共存时,遇光能变黑。如有硫化氢时,不论是否有光都变黑。可因加热分解而生成银。分子式AgNO3。分子量169.89。相对密度4.35。熔点212℃。易溶于水、乙醇、丙酮和氨,水溶液大体呈中性。

接触机会

硝酸银用作医药品、感光材料、化学分析试剂,用于生产光学用镜、镀银、磁器着色等。

国内主要生产厂商:天津化学试剂二厂、北京化工厂、上海化学试剂厂、汕头市化工二厂、广州立新化工厂、上海贵稀金属提炼厂

侵入途径

可经皮肤、呼吸道和消化道吸收。

毒理学简介

大鼠经口LD50: 1173 mg/kg。小鼠经口LD50: 50 mg/kg。

硝酸银对皮肤、粘膜有刺激和腐蚀作用。硝酸银吸入后,可沉着在组织内。

人口服LD约2g。

临床表现

吸入其粉尘或飞沫,可发生皮炎、结膜炎和上呼吸道刺激症状。口服后,口腔疼痛和烧灼感,可引起急性出血性胃肠炎,有剧烈腹痛、呕吐、血便,甚至胃肠道穿孔、无尿、休克。

皮肤和眼接触可引起灼伤。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*GENERALIZED ARGYRIA ... IS ... RECOGNIZED BY WIDESPREAD PIGMENTATION OF SKIN, AS SEEN IN ... DARK, UNIFORM, SLATE-GREY COLOR OF FACE, FOREARMS & FINGERNAILS OF WORKER IN MFR OF SILVER NITRATE. PIGMENTATION APPEARS EARLY ON FACE, GRADUALLY SPREADING TO EARS & NECK ... & HANDS; IN A LESS SEVERE DEGREE IT APPEARS ON UNCOVERED AREAS OF THE BODY, IN MOST SEVERE CASES THE SKIN BECOMING ALMOST BLACK WITH A METALLIC LUSTRE. [R28, 299]

*ARGYROSIS OF RESPIRATORY TRACT ... HAS ... BEEN DESCRIBED ... IN TWO MEN EMPLOYED IN MFR OF SILVER NITRATE. ... SYMPTOM WAS MILD CHRONIC BRONCHITIS; THERE WAS NO DISCOLORATION OF SKIN, EYES OR MOUTH BUT NASAL MUCOSA SHOWED BILATERAL SYMMETRICAL IMPREGNATION OF WALLS OF MIDDLE & UPPER REGION. [R28, 299]

*... CORNEAL OPACIFICATION & BLEEDING CONJUNCTIVA WITHIN AN HR /REPORTED/ AFTER APPLICATION OF 2 DROPS FROM AN /SRP: ACCIDENTAL USE OF/ SILVER NITRATE STICK INTO THE EYES OF A NEWBORN. OPACIFICATION MAY BE SO SEVERE AS TO CAUSE BLINDNESS. [R29, 1887]

*/IN PATIENT WITH SEVERE ARGYROSIS RESULTING FROM INDUST EXPOSURE TO SILVER NITRATE/ BRONCHIAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE ... SHOWED DEPOSITS IN BASAL MEMBRANE, & THERE WAS SOME SQUAMOUS METAPLASIA, BUT MUCH LESS EVIDENCE OF PHAGOCYTOSIS THAN IN NASAL MUCOSA. [R28, 300]

*LARGE ORAL DOSES OF SILVER NITRATE CAUSE SEVERE GI IRRITATION DUE TO ITS CAUSTIC ACTION. LESIONS OF KIDNEYS & LUNG & POSSIBILITY OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS HAVE BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO BOTH INDUSTRIAL & MEDICINAL EXPOSURES. [R30]

*IN FORM OF DUST OR SOLID IT IS DANGEROUS TO EYES, CAUSING BURNS OF CONJUNCTIVA, ARGYRIA, & BLINDNESS. [R9, 2048]

*INGESTION OF CORROSIVE SILVER NITRATE ... HAS BEEN RESPONSIBLE FOR MOST CASES OF ACUTE SILVER POISONING. SYMPTOMS ARE THOSE OF SEVERE GASTROENTERITIS & SHOCK ... VERTIGO, COMA, CONVULSIONS & DEATH. [R31]

*SEVERE & EVEN LETHAL METHEMOGLOBINEMIA HAS RESULTED /FROM USE OF 0.5% SILVER NITRATE TOPICALLY FOR TREATMENT OF BURNS/. SUCH REACTION PRESUMABLY DEPENDS ON BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF ESCHAR OR SYSTEMIC INFECTION WITH ORGANISM CAPABLE OF REDUCING NITRATE TO NITRITE. ... [R31]

*NECROTIZING, ULCERATIVE GINGIVITIS HAS BEEN REPORTED TO RESULT FROM APPLICATION OF SILVER NITRATE TO GINGIVA. [R29, 1887]

病例报告

*Concn of silver nitrate from 5% to 50% applied by mistake or accidentally splashed in the eye have caused severe injury, with permanent corneal opacification in some cases. ... Soln of high concn cause rapid appearance of edema of the conjunctiva and lids, with bloody purulent discharge from the conjunctival sac. Opacification of the cornea may result and may be permanent, but in eyes which have been contaminated with very small amt soln the results have been less disastrous. [R37]

*2 cc of unknown concentration of silver nitrate were administered intravaginally and resulted in death. There was an abortion attempt, therefore death possibly not due to AgNO3. [R38]

*/The ingestion/ of 8 g of silver in solution resulted in vomiting. The /vomitus/ contained silver chloride. The patient recovered. [R39]

*2-30 g of silver nitrate were administered orally. Survival time was a few hours to a few days. Death usually occurs at doses of 10 g but 30 g has been survived. [R39]

*Two silver nitrate workers afflicted with argyrosis of the lung showed mild chronic bronchitis with silver impregnation in the walls of the middle and upper region of the nasal mucosa. In a more severe case, the bronchial mucous membrane also showed basal membrane deposits and some squamous metaplasia. There was less evidence of phagocytosis than in the nasal mucosa and no hazard of fibrosis. Pigmentation was comparable with that of anthracosis and siderosis. [R42]

处理

口服硝酸银后,应迅速用食盐3茶匙化水一碗灌服,继以2％氯化钠溶液洗胃,使易溶的硝酸银变为难溶的氯化银,并给予导泻。腐蚀症状明显者忌洗胃。对症治疗。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：

美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.01 mg(Ag)/m3

美国MSHA STANDARD-air: TWA 0.01 mg(Ag)/m3

埃及: TWA 0.01 mg(Ag)/m3 JAN 1993;

澳大利亚: TWA 0.01 mg(Ag)/m3 JAN 1993;

比利时: TWA 0.01 mg(Ag)/m3 JAN 1993;

丹麦: TWA 0.01 mg(Ag)/m3 JAN 1993;

芬兰: TWA 0.01 mg(Ag)/m3, STEL 0.03 mg(Ag)/m3, Skin JAN 1993;

荷兰: TWA 0.01 mg(Ag)/m3 JAN 1993;