品名

硒酸钠; Sodium selenate; Disodium selenate; CAS：13410-01-0

理化性质

硒酸钠为无色正交晶体。分子式Na2SeO4。分子量188.94。相对密度3.098。加热分解,放出有毒硒烟和氧化钠。其十水合物为白色结晶,有潮解性。分子式Na2SeO4·10H2O,分子量369.11。相对密度1.603～1.620,熔点32℃(逐渐失去结晶水)。易溶于水。

接触机会

用于驱除草木的壁虱、蚜虫和线虫等的杀虫剂、氧化剂、化学试剂。生产与使用中可接触。

国内主要生产厂商:硒酸钠:上海试剂二厂; 硒酸钠十水合物:北京化工厂、天津市化学试剂三厂、上海试剂二厂

侵入途径

主要由胃肠道吸收。亦可经注射途径侵入。

毒理学简介

人（女性）经口TDLo: 53 mg/kg。

大鼠经口LD50: 1600 ug/kg。

能迅速被胃肠道吸收。硒酸钠在肝、脾与血液中通过酶代谢作用生成亚硒酸,最终被还原成硒,形成硒蛋白结合体。皮肤接触可引起灼伤。

临床表现

刺激眼、鼻、喉，视物模糊，头痛，寒战，发热，呼吸困难，口中有金属味，呼气中有蒜味，胃肠紊乱，皮炎。偶见黄疸和指甲病变。？？？？

美国HSDB引用文献：

+Potential symptoms as a result of exposure /to selenium compounds/: Irritation to eyes, nose, throat, disturbed vision, headache, chill, fever, dyspnea, bronchitis, metal taste, garlic breath, gastrointestinal, dermatitis, blurred eyes, skin. /Selenium compounds/ [R7, 207]

+... high dietary intakes of selenium ... in selenium-rich areas of South Dakota /revealed/ most common symptoms in people with high urinary levels (0.20-1.98 ug/ml) were GI disturbances, icteroid discoloration of the skin, and decayed bad teeth. Less frequent symptoms were recurrent jaundice, dermatitis, and pathological nails. /Selenium compounds/ [R12, 501]

+The ingestion of 22 mg of sodium selenate per kilogram produced minimal toxicity despite a subtantial rise in the blood level. [R13]

+Chronic selenium toxicity: this syndrome resembles arsenic toxicity. Hair loss, white horizontal streaking on fingernails, paronychia, fatigue, irritability, hyperflexia, nausea, vomiting, garlic odor on breath, and metallic taste characterize toxicity. Serum selenium levels are elevated but do not correlate well with symptoms. Blood chamistries, hematology, and liver and renal function tests are usually normal. Fatal cardiomyopathy has been reported in long-term parenteral nutrition patients who developed low selenium levels (5%-12%). /Selenium/ [R13]

+Selenate is the least toxic inorganic selenium form ... /Selenate salts/ [R13]

+The elemental forms of selenium are probably completely harmless to man;  its compounds, however, are dangerous and their action resembles that of sulfur compounds. /Selenium compounds/ [R6]

处理

参见<亚硒酸钠>。

标准

车间空气卫生标准:

美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.2 mg(Se)/m3

美国MSHA STANDARD-air: TWA 0.2 mg(Se)/m3

美国OSHA PEL(所有行业): 8H TWA 0.2 mg(Se)/m3

埃及: TWA 0.2 mg(Se)/m3

澳大利亚: TWA 0.2 mg(Se)/m3

比利时: TWA 0.2 mg(Se)/m3

丹麦: TWA 0.1 mg(Se)/m3

芬兰: TWA 0.1 mg(Se)/m3, STEL 0.3 mg(Se)/m3

德国: TWA 0.1 mg(Se)/m3

匈牙利: STEL 0.1 mg(Se)/m3

荷兰: TWA 0.2 mg(Se)/m3

菲律宾: TWA 0.2 mg(Se)/m3

波兰: TWA 0.1 mg(Se)/m3

瑞典: TWA 0.1 mg(Se)/m3

瑞士: TWA 0.1 mg(Se)/m3

土耳其: TWA 0.2 mg(Se)/m3

英国: TWA 0.1 mg(Se)/m3

保加利亚,哥伦比亚,约旦,韩国 参照美国 ACGIH TLV;

新西兰,新加坡,越南 参照美国 ACGIH TLV

危规:GB6.1 类61017。原铁规:无机剧毒品,81018。 　　　　

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