甲硫醇_MSDS化学品安全技术说明书

甲硫醇-MSDS化学品安全技术说明书

发表时间：2011-10-31浏览次数：评论：分享：顶：踩：

品名

甲硫醇; 硫氢甲烷; 巯基甲烷; Methylmercaptan; Methanethiol; Methyl Sulfhydrate; Mercaptomethane; Thiomethylalcohol; CAS：74-93-1

理化性质

无色易燃气体或呈水白色液体,有腐烂卷心菜味。分子式C-H4-S。分子量48.11。相对密度0.8665(20℃/4℃)。凝固点-123℃。沸点5.95℃。闪点-18℃。蒸气密度1.66。蒸气压101.31kPa(760mmHg 6℃)。蒸气与空气混合物可燃限3.9%～22% 。水中溶解度23.30g/l(20℃)。遇热、火花或明火易燃烧并引起爆炸。燃烧可产生二氧化硫。与水、水蒸气、酸发生反应产生有毒的、可燃性气体。能与氧化剂发生剧烈反应。

接触机会

用作制造喷气式飞机燃料、农药、杀虫剂,塑料的中间体; 也可用于合成蛋氨酸(甲硫氨酸)、香料等。它由氯甲烷与硫氢化钠反应制得。显而易见在生产和使用过程中都可能接触到。

国内主要生产厂商:丹东制药厂、河北制药厂

侵入途径

可经呼吸道.皮肤及消化道吸收。

毒理学简介

大鼠吸入LC50: 675 ppm（1.325g/m3）。小鼠吸入LC50: 6530 ug/m3/2H。

另有报道，大鼠吸入LC50：1,664 ppm/4 hr。

在高浓度下,动物主要表现为抑制,呼吸障碍,共济失调,侧倒,死于呼吸停止。每日吸入0.1mg/L,共6h,部分大鼠于第2个月底死亡。每日吸入0.4～2mg/L,3h,共3周,大鼠的大脑、肺和脾的ATP酶活性发生改变。

液体或蒸气对皮肤、眼和呼吸道有刺激作用,对中枢神经系统有麻醉作用。高浓度时可引起肺水肿和脑水肿,甚至可引起呼吸麻痹。在体内能很快甲基化,转变成二甲基硫化物。大鼠体内经代谢形成硫酸盐,后者随尿排出,94%的本品中的硫在21h内从体内排出。

人的嗅觉阈为0.1～0.3 ug/m^3或0.02 ug/m^3。吸入0.001～0.002mg/L的浓度5min时,校对图表测验发生障碍,但在多日反复作用下,又可恢复正常。

IDLH: 150 ppm

临床表现

急性中毒一般起病急,病情进展迅速。

轻症者可出现眼和上呼吸道刺激症状,并有头痛、头晕、步态不稳,也可有恶心、呕吐等。重症者可出现肺水肿和脑水肿,有大量泡沫痰、呼吸困难、肌无力、昏迷、抽搐等表现。高浓度时可迅速引起呼吸停止。

曾有急性中毒病例除神经或呼吸系统症状外,还出现肝或肾损害的报道。

吸入蒸气者的呼出气内可有异味。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*ALL INVESTIGATORS AGREE ... THAT METHYL MERCAPTAN ACTS, LIKE HYDROGEN SULFIDE, ON THE RESPIRATORY CENTER PRODUCING DEATH BY RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS. AT LOWER, LESS ACUTE CONCN METHYL MERCAPTAN, LIKE ITS HOMOLOGUES AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE, PRODUCES PULMONARY EDEMA. A DEATH ATTRIBUTED TO INHALATION OF METHYL MERCAPTAN WAS DESCRIBED ... A WORKER HANDLING TANKS USED FOR HOLDING METHYL MERCAPTAN WAS HOSPITALIZED BECAUSE OF COMA. ACUTE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA AND METHEMOGLOBINEMIA DEVELOPED. [R29]

*In high concentrations, attacks the CNS and causes muscular weakness, tremors, unconsciousness and respiratory paralysis. Chief symptoms are irritation of the mucous membranes, general intoxication, occasionally convulsions, pulmonary irritation and more or less pronounced paralysis of the locomotor muscles and respiration. [R30]

*METHYL MERCAPTAN HAS BEEN REPORTED TO EXHIBIT AN ACUTE TOXICITY SIMILAR TO, BUT LESS THAN, THAT OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE. OTHERS HAVE REPORTED THE TOXICITY ... TO BE OF THE SAME MAGNITUDE. [R29]

*A 24 year old man, who had been on duty alone in a chemical factory for production of sodium methyl sulfhydrate, was found dead in the factory. This case was suspected to be an accidental death. ... Autopsy revealed a large quantity of methylmercaptan in his liver, kidney, lung, blood, urine, and washout solution of trachea. The time of death estimated from cadaveric rigidity and turbidity of the cornea was somewhat different from the time estimated from the situation of the cases. ... Some specific action of methylmercaptan /may/ affect these postmortem changes. [R31]

处理

立即脱离现场至空气新鲜处。对呼吸、心跳停止者立即施行人工呼吸(勿口对口呼吸)、胸外心脏按压、给氧等心、肺、脑复苏。观察意识状态。对症、支持治疗。防治肺水肿和脑水肿,参见<急性刺激性气体中毒性肺水肿的治疗>和<急性化学物中毒性脑水肿的治疗>。注意保护肝、肾。

标准

车间空气卫生标准

美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.98 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm)

美国MSHA STANDARD-air: TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3)

美国OSHA PEL(所有行业): CL 10 ppm (20 mg/m3); 8H TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3)

澳大利亚: TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3)

比利时: TWA 0.5 ppm (0.98 mg/m3)

丹麦: TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3)

芬兰: TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3), STEL 1.5 ppm (3 mg/m3)

法国: TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3)