品名

1,2-二氯丙烷; 二氯化亚丙基; 1,2-Dichloropropane; Propylene dichloride; CAS：78-87-5

理化性质

无色液体。有氯仿味。分子式C3-H6-Cl2。结构式CH2ClCHClCH3。分子量112.99。相对密度1.558(20℃)。凝固点-70℃。沸点96.8℃。闪点21.11℃(开杯)。自燃点557.22℃。蒸气密度3.9。蒸气压5.33kPa(40mmHg 19.4℃)。蒸气与空气混合物可燃限3.4～14.5% 。微溶于水; 溶于乙醇和乙醚; 可与有机溶剂混溶。腐蚀铝。遇高热、明火引起燃烧。加热分解放出有毒气体。能与铝、氧化剂发生剧烈反应。

接触机会

可作杀霉菌剂或杀菌剂,也是油酯和石蜡等的溶剂。

国内主要生产厂商:上海试剂一厂、天津市化学试剂二厂

侵入途径

可经呼吸道和消化道进入机体。

毒理学简介

大鼠经口LD50: 1947 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 14 gm/m3/8H。小鼠经口LD50: 860 mg/kg; 吸入LCLo: 1000 ppm/2H。兔经皮LD50: 8750 uL/kg。

高浓度对中枢神经系统有抑制作用。对皮肤和眼有刺激作用。

临床表现

对症处理。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*... The effects of 1,2-dichloropropane poisoning in humans. Symptoms incl headache, vertigo, lacrimation, and irritation of the mucous membrane. Changes in the blood are similar to those of marked anemia. [R36]

*Propylene dichloride may cause dermatitis by defatting the skin. More severe irritation may occur if it is confined against the skin by clothing. Undiluted, it is moderately irritating to the eyes, but does not cause permanent injury. [R34]

*Three cases of 1,2-dichloropropane intoxication were examained. Case 1, a 28 yr old male accidentally ingested a stain remover containing 1,2-dichloropropane and was admitted to the hospital where blood, kidney, and liver tests were performed. After two days, renal failure developed, forced diuresis was carried out, and tests were repeated. Case 2, a 20 yr female, was admitted to the hospital with vomiting, abdominal pain, widespread ecchymoses, hematuria, and metrorrhagia. Symotoms regressed and laboratory tests were performed. Nine months later, the patient was readmitted with oliguria, epistaxis, hematuria, metrorrhagia, and conjucntival hemorrhages. The patient had been sniffing a stain remover containing 1,2-dichloropropane on both occasions. Laboratory tests were performed. The patient was given fresh blood and plasma transfusions and underwent hemodiafiltration. Case 3, a 55 yr old female suffering from membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and on home dialysis, was admitted to the hospital 3 days after cleaning with a solvent containing 1,2-dichloropropane. During the 3 days, she developed anorexia, abdominal pain, and nocturnal sweating. Laboratory tests were performed. Hemodialysis was continued in the hospital. Testing showed that all cases had acute renal and hepatic injury, hemolytic anemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Case 1 died after seven days from septic shock. Case 2 was discharged after 3 weeks with complete recovery of renal and function and normal coagulation tests. The hemolytic activity and disseminated intravascular coagulation of Case 3 disappeared after 1 week. Liver disease improved. Biliary and liver echography did not show pathological findings. /It was/ concluded that wide use of 1,2-dichloropropane in commercial solvents could be a dangerous and unknown source of intoxication. [R37]

*Two case reports of dermatitis due to 1,2-dichloropropane were described. One woman had worked for 6 years on the production of various plastic products from polypropylene, polystyrene, metaplex, and bakelite. The second woman had worked for 4 years producing bakelite parts for cars. Both patients were exposed to Siliform, and had developed dermatitis on the feet and hands. Skin tests with one percent dichloropropane were positive in both women, and one woman also reacted to Siliform. The Siliform aerosol contained 7.4% dichloropropane along with various other components. [R39]

处理

对症治疗为主。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：

美国ACGIH TLV-STEL 508 mg/m3 (110 ppm)

美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 347 mg/m3 (75 ppm)

美国MSHA STANDARD-air: TWA 75 ppm (350 mg/m3)

美国OSHA PEL(所有行业): 8H TWA 75 ppm (350 mg/m3)

澳大利亚: TWA 75 ppm (350 mg/m3), STEL 110 ppm (510 mg/m3) JAN93;

奥地利: TWA 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) JAN93;

比利时: TWA 75 ppm (347 mg/m3), STEL 110 ppm (509 mg/m3) JAN93;

丹麦: TWA 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) JAN93;

芬兰: TWA 75 ppm (350 mg/m3), STEL 115 ppm (530 mg/m3) JAN93;

法国: TWA 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) JAN93;

德国: TWA 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) JAN93;

匈牙利: TWA 50 mg/m3, STEL 100 mg/m3, Skin JAN93;

荷兰: TWA 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) JAN93;

菲律宾: TWA 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) JAN93;

波兰: TWA 50 mg/m3 JAN93;

俄罗斯: STEL 10 mg/m3 JAN93;

瑞士: TWA 75 ppm (350 mg/m3), STEL 375 ppm (1750 mg/m3) JAN93;

土耳其: TWA 74 ppm (350 mg/m3) JAN93;

保加利亚，哥伦比亚，约旦，韩国 参照美国 ACGIH TLV;

新西兰，新加坡，越南 参照美国 ACGIH TLV

危规：GB3.2 类32036。原铁规:一级易燃液体,61047。UN NO.1279。IMDG CODE 3102页,3.2 类。

事故案例

*... DOW 421 (4 PARTS O-DICHLOROBENZENE, 2 PARTS PROPYLENE DICHLORIDE, 1 PART ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE) WAS INVOLVED IN MASS POISONING. THREE THOUSAND GALLONS ... WERE LIBERATED INTO NARROW COURTYARD CONTAINING 45 MEN WHEN TANK CAR EXPLODED. ... SIX MEN WHO DEVELOPED SEVERE RESP COMPLICATIONS WERE TREATED AS 1 GROUP. ALTHOUGH COUGHING & CHOKING WERE INITIAL SYMPTOMS, THESE SUBSIDED ON TERMINATION OF EXPOSURE & WERE REPLACED BY PERIOD OF QUIESCENCE (4-6 HR). DURING THIS PERIOD MUCH OF THE LINING OF ... RESP TRACTS WAS ... DESTROYED ... OVER SUCCEEDING 2-3 DAYS, PULMONARY EDEMA, ATELECTASIS, EMPHYSEMA & BRONCHOPNEUMONIA WERE ... PRESENT, AS WAS TACHYCARDIA & OCCASIONAL ATRIAL PREMATURE BEATS. 3 PATIENTS DIED ... ONLY 1 OF 3 SURVIVORS SHOWED RESIDUAL IMPAIRMENT OF RESP TRACT FUNCTION. /DOW 421/ [R8,p. III-141]

本内容搜集自互联网，版权归原作者所有