溴乙烷_MSDS化学品安全技术说明书

溴乙烷-MSDS化学品安全技术说明书

发表时间：2011-10-31浏览次数：评论：分享：顶：踩：

品名

溴乙烷; 乙基溴; Bromoethane; Monobromoethane; Bromoethane; Ethyl Bromide; CAS：74-96-4

理化性质

无色挥发性液体,气味似醚。遇空气和光颜色变黄。分子式C2-H5-Br。分子量109。相对密度1.461(20/4℃)。熔点-119℃。沸点38.4℃。闪点<-20℃。自燃点511.11℃。蒸气密度3.76。蒸气压53.32kPa(400mmHg21℃)。蒸气与空气爆炸限6.7～11.3% 。水中溶解度(0.914g/ 100g 20℃),与乙醇、乙醚、氯仿及其它有机溶剂混溶。遇热、明火、氧化剂易燃烧爆炸。在光线或火焰下,易分解产生溴化氢、溴。与水或水蒸汽反应产生有毒和腐蚀性气体。

接触机会

是有机合成的重要原料。农业上用作仓储谷物、仓库及房舍等的熏蒸杀虫剂。溴乙烷是通过溴化钾与冷冻的硫酸和乙醇反应而成。常用于汽油的乙基化,冷冻剂和麻醉剂。因此,化工生产工人和熏蒸工都可接触不同浓度的溴乙烷。

国内主要生产厂商:山东新华制药厂、兰州合成制药厂、上海制药四厂

侵入途径

接触者以呼吸道吸入为主。液体也可经污染的皮肤吸收。

毒理学简介

大鼠经口LD50: 1350 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 26980 ppm/1H。小鼠吸入LC50: 16230 ppm/1H。

毒作用与溴甲烷相似,但毒性较小,具有麻醉作用,可引起肺部刺激和肝、肾、心脏的损害。动物实验证明,吸入高浓度溴乙烷后,可产生中枢麻痹、呼吸抑制而死亡。

无论对人或动物都可引起严重的神经系统和呼吸系统损害。

对人的麻醉浓度为1.34～4.46g/m^3。

临床表现

急性中毒后出现以中枢神经系统和呼吸系统为主的症状,特征是面部潮红、瞳孔扩大、脉搏加快以及头痛、眩晕等症状。严重者有四肢震颤、呼吸困难、发绀、虚脱,甚至呼吸麻痹。

根据密切接触史,短时间内出现的以神经系统和呼吸系统损害为主的临床表现,参考现场卫生学调查,排除类似表现的疾病,综合分析后,诊断是不困难的。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*Those workers suffering from diseases of liver, kidney and lung should be /SRP: protected from exposure/. [R13, 222]

*Employees should be screened for history of certain medical conditions which might place the employee at increased risk from ethyl bromide exposure. Skin disease: Ethyl bromide can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure. Persons with existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent. Liver disease: Ethyl bromide has produced liver damage in ... man, which should be considered before exposing persons with impaired liver function. Kidney disease: Since ethyl bromide has produced kidney damage in ... man, special consideration in those with impaired renal function is justified. Chronic respiratory disease: In persons with impaired pulmonary function, especially those with obstructive airway diseases, the breathing of ethyl bromide might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its irritant properties. Cardiovascular disease: In persons with impaired cardiovascular function, especially those with a history of cardiac arrhythmias, the inhalation of ethyl bromide might cause exacerbation of disorders of the conduction mechanism due to its sensitizing effects on the myocardium. [R19]

*The former use of ethyl bromide as a human anesthetic produced respiratory irritation and caused some fatalities, either immediately, due to respiratory or cardiac arrest, or delayed, from effects on the liver, kidney, or heart. Relatively little experience with this substance in industry has been reported, but exposure of volunteers to 6500 ppm for 5 minutes produced vertigo, slight headache, and mild eye irritation. Irritation of the skin occurs from repeated contact with ethyl bromide liquid. [R19]

*Exposure to ethyl bromide may cause irritation of the lung, eyes, and skin. It may cause dizzines, loss of balance, slurred speech, unconsciousness, and death. Over exposure to this agent may also cause damage to the liver, kidneys, and heart. After-effects from severe exposure may occur up to 30 hours after the exposure has ceased. [R19]

*Limited human experience during surgical anesthesia has indicated, in addition to CNS depression, the possibility of lung congestion and degeneration of the liver and kidney tissues. [R27, 3485]

*Acute neurotoxic effects reported in humans include anesthesia; CNS depression. Additinal neurotoxic effects reported in humans include somnolence; speech disorders; ataxia; nystagmus; leg weakness; finger, muscle fiber tremor; rocking; cranial nerve problems; vertigo; sensitivity disorders; numbness. /From table/ [R28]

*/It was/ found that 12,000 ppm ethyl bromide caused immediate eye irritation in human volunteers and 5-minute exposure to 6500 ppm lead to eye irritation, headache, and vertigo. [R29, 588]

处理

中毒患者应立即脱离现场。脱去污染的衣著,污染的皮肤用大量清水冲洗。

以支持治疗为主,并给予对症治疗。无特效解毒剂。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：

美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 22 mg/m3 (5 ppm) (皮肤)

美国MSHA STANDARD-air: TWA 200 ppm (890 mg/m3)

美国OSHA PEL(所有行业): 8H TWA 200 ppm (890 mg/m3)

澳大利亚: TWA 200 ppm (890 mg/m3), STEL 250 ppm (1110 mg/m3)

奥地利: TWA 200 ppm (890 mg/m3)

比利时: TWA 200 ppm (891 mg/m3), STEL 250 ppm (1100 mg/m3)

丹麦: TWA 200 ppm (890 mg/m3)