品名

氯苯; 一氯苯; Chlorobenzene; Benzene chloride; Monochlorobenzene; CAS：108-90-7

理化性质

无色透明液体。有杏仁味。分子式C6-H5-Cl。分子量112.56。相对密度1.107(20/4℃)。熔点-45℃。沸点132℃。闪点28.89℃(闭杯)。自燃点640℃。蒸气密度3.88。蒸气压1.33kPa(10mmHg22℃)。蒸气与空气混合物爆炸限1.3～7.1 %(150℃)。不溶于水; 溶于乙醇、乙醚、氯仿和苯。遇热、明火易燃烧爆炸。与氧化物发生剧烈反应; 与过氯酸银、二甲基亚砜反应烈。

接触机会

用作溶剂、有机合成重要原料(如苯酚、DDT、苯胺)及热传递介质。

国内主要生产厂商:太原化工厂、浙江衢州化工厂电化分厂、黑龙江齐齐哈尔榆树屯化工厂、江苏扬州农药厂、武汉葛店化工厂、山东张店农药厂、河南化工厂、河北沙城农药厂、四川长寿化工厂、南京化工厂

侵入途径

主要经呼吸道吸收。

毒理学简介

大鼠LD50: 1110 mg/kg; 吸入LC50: 2965 ppm。小鼠经口LD50: 2300 mg/kg; 吸入LCLo: 15 gm/m3。兔经皮LD  :>2200 mg/kg。

对中枢神经系统具有抑制和麻醉作用,但其所致血液变化比苯轻得多。

对皮肤、鼻、眼具刺激作用。经呼吸道吸收后,27％以原物自呼气中排出。尿中检出的代谢产物有葡萄糖酸甙、硫酸酚酯及巯基尿酸。

IDLH: +1000 ppm [R21, 62]

临床表现

在车间空气中氯苯浓度>1 g/m^3的密闭环境中工作一小时左右,可出现麻醉症状,甚至昏迷。经脱离现场、积极救治,恢复较快。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*SLIGHT SKIN IRRITATION MAY OCCUR FROM APPLICATION OF MONOCHLOROBENZENE ON SKIN. REPEATED CONTACT ... MAY RESULT IN MODERATE ERYTHEMA & SLIGHT SUPERFICIAL NECROSIS. [R42]

*... Three adults developed numbness, loss of consciousness, hyperemia of the conjunctiva and pharynx following exposure to high levels of chlorobenzene. [R43]

*IT IS A CNS DEPRESSANT. DEGENERATION OF THE LIVER & KIDNEYS HAS BEEN OBSERVED FOLLOWING ABSORPTION OF TOXIC DOSES. THE HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES MAY PROGRESS AS EXPOSURE BECOMES MORE SEVERE OR AS THE PERIOD OF EXPOSURE IS LENGTHENED. LIVER INJURY MAY PROGRESS TO NECROSIS & PARENCHYMOUS DEGENERATION. [R44, 3605]

*Clinical examination of workers exposed to chlorobenzene in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride showed that some workers suffered from poisoning, although the concentrations of chlorobenzene in the atmosphere were close to the MAC (50 mg/cu m). Nerve lesions, hepatitis, chronic gastritis with gastric juice hypoacidity, bronchitis, etc were found. [R45]

*TOXIC BY INHALATION, SKIN CONTACT, OR INGESTION. ALSO AN EYE IRRITANT. [R16,p. 49-29]

*THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF CHLOROBENZENE SEEM TO BE PRIMARILY LIVER AND KIDNEY INJURY. THE HEMATOPOIETIC EFFECT OF THE PARENT HYDROCARBON (BENZENE) APPEARS TO BE ABSENT. [R46]

*ACUTE VAPOR EXPOSURE HAS BEEN RATHER RARE IN INDUSTRY. SLIGHT SKIN IRRITATION MAY OCCUR FROM APPLICATION OF MONOCHLOROBENZENE ON THE SKIN. REPEATED CONTACT FOR A WEEK MAY RESULT IN MODERATE ERYTHEMA AND SLIGHT SUPERFICIAL NECROSIS. [R42]

处理

对症治疗。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：中国MAC 50 mg/m^3; 美国ACGIH TLV-TWA 46 mg/m^3

危规：GB3.3类33546。原铁规:二级易燃液体,62049。UN NO.1134。IMDG CODE 3123页,3.3类。

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