品名

氯化钴; 二氯化钴; Cobalt(II)chloride; Cobalt dichloride; CAS：7646-79-9

理化性质

浅兰色晶体,易潮解。分子式CoCl2。分子量129.85。相对密度3.367(25/4℃)。熔点735℃。沸点1049℃。蒸气压53.32(40mmHg770℃)。溶于水、乙醇、乙醚、甘油、吡啶和丙酮。置于空气中因吸潮逐渐变成粉红色。加热至400℃分解。六水合物为粉红色至红色单斜结晶,稍吸湿。分子式CoCl2·6H2O,分子量237.85。相对密度1.924(20℃),熔点87℃。溶于水、乙醇、乙醚、甘油、丙酮。0.2mol水溶液pH值为4.6。水溶液呈粉红色至红色,但加热或加入盐酸或硫酸转成蓝色。加热至52～56℃失去4份子结晶水成为二水合; 加热至100℃,失去另一份子结晶水成为一水合物。加热至120～140℃失去全部结晶水。

接触机会

用作分析试剂,氨吸收剂,陶瓷的着色剂,电镀,催化剂的制造,医药等。生产与使用中可接触。

国内主要生产厂商:浙江湖州市第二化工厂、山东临邑县化工厂、天津汉沽化工厂、江苏阜宁县陈良化工厂、上海贵稀金属提炼厂、天津物资回收公司熔炼厂、上海勤工化工厂、沈阳市化工六厂、大连民兴化工厂

侵入途径

主要通过消化道吸收。亦可通过呼吸道与注射途径进入体内。

毒理学简介

儿童经口TDLo: 48 mg/kg; LDLo: 1500 mg/kg。人（男性）经口TDLo: 1042 mg/kg/13W-I。

大鼠经口LD50: 80 mg/kg; 经皮LDLo: 2 gm/kg。小鼠经口LD50: 80 mg/kg。

参见<钴及其化合物>。

临床表现

参见<钴及其化合物>。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*... LARGE AMT OF COBALTOUS CHLORIDE DEPRESS THE PRODUCTION OF ERYTHROCYTE. ACCIDENTAL INTOXICATION IN CHILDREN MAY PRODUCE CYANOSIS, COMA & DEATH. [R24]

*OTHER UNDESIRABLE EFFECTS OF COBALTOUS CHLORIDE INCL CUTANEOUS FLUSHING, RETROSTERNAL CHEST PAIN, DERMATITIS, TINNITUS, NAUSEA & VOMITING, NERVE DEAFNESS, THYROID HYPERPLASIA WITH TRACHEAL COMPRESSION, MYXEDEMA, CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, MALAISE, WEAKNESS, ANOREXIA & FATIGUE. [R25]

*CHRONIC ADMIN OF COBALTOUS CHLORIDE HAS PRODUCED A GOITER, REDUCED THYROID ACTIVITY & LOWERED SYNTH RATES & LEVELS OF CYTOCHROME p450 IN LIVER. [R26]

*... CASE /REPORTED/ OF GREAT ENLARGEMENT OF THYROID WITH ALL SYMPTOMS OF MYXEDEMA IN CHILD OF 17 MO WHO HAD RECEIVED OVER PERIOD OF 2 WK DAILY DOSE OF IRON-COBALT PREPN REPRESENTING 4 MG/KG OF COBALT CHLORIDE. A MARKED DROP IN (131)-I UPTAKE AFTER A WK (APPROACHING NIL AFTER 2 WK) OF DOSAGE OF 150 MG/DAY OF COBALTOUS CHLORIDE WAS OBSERVED ... THIS TOXIC EFFECT IS NOT INVARIABLE IN PT RECEIVING COBALT THERAPY;  SEVERAL OBSERVERS HAVE FAILED TO FIND ANY ADVERSE CLINICAL EFFECT ON THYROID ACTIVITY ... . [R27, 137]

*... Optic atrophy has been reported in a case in which a pt was treated with cobalt chloride for pancytopenia. [R28, 248]

*A report of cobalt cardiomyopathy in 17 yr old girl on maintenance hemodialysis, who had been given cobalt chloride 25 mg twice daily for about 9 months. [R20]

*Among 853 patch tested hard metal workers in 瑞典, 39 (4.6%;  9 males and 30 females) had a confirmed allergic reaction to 1% cobalt chloride. [R29, 223]

*Cobalt /can/ apparently prolong the time needed for blood clot formation. Significant changes in blood clotting time (35% increase), thromboplastic activity (28% decrease), and clot retention time (20% increase) in 15 persons administered cobalt orally as a solution of cobaltous chloride at 1 mg a day for 3 days was reported. [R30]

*Of 1205 persons with dermatitis or eczema submitted to patch testing with 2% aq soln of cobalt chloride, 12.3% gave a positive reaction. ... Of 4000 pt subjected to patch testing in 5 European clinics 7.4% of males and 6.6% of females showed positive reactions to cobalt chloride 2% in soft paraffin. [R20]

处理

参见<钴及其化合物>。

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