品名

氯化钡; Barium chloride; Barium dichloride; CAS：10361-37-2

二水合氯化钡; Barium chloride dihydrate;

理化性质

无色单斜晶体。分子式BaCl2。分子量208.27。相对密度3.856(24℃)。熔点925℃转变为立方晶格。沸点1560℃。水中溶解度:31份/100份水(0℃)。溶液与2N硫酸生成一种白色沉淀,不溶于盐酸和硝酸。加热分解成氯化物。2-呋喃过甲酸加氯化钡在室温下爆炸。

无色有光泽的单斜晶体。分子式BaCl2·2H2O。分子量244.30。相对密度3.097(24/4℃)。在113℃时失去结晶水。在无水乙醇中亦可失去其结晶水,但并不溶解。易溶于水; 溶于甲醇; 不溶于乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯。

接触机会

用于色素、绘画颜料、纺织品与皮革的染色、铝精炼、毒鼠药、金属热处理及水处理。在使用与生产中可接触。将氯化钡误作盐或碱食用中毒者有之。

国内主要生产厂商:

二水合氯化钡:四川张家坝制盐化工厂、四川乐山五通桥盐厂、四川彭山碱厂、云南昆明太和化工厂、贵州桐梓楼山化工厂、湖南衡南县化工农药厂、湖南湘潭化工厂、江苏昆山化工厂、山东青岛红星化工厂东风分厂、辽宁丹东塑料助剂二厂、辽宁沈阳市化工六厂、天津化工厂

侵入途径

消化道为主。

毒理学简介

大鼠经口LD50: 118 mg/kg; 皮下注射LD50: 178 mg/kg; 静注LDLo: 20 mg/kg。小鼠经口LDLo: 70 mg/kg

人口服中毒剂量0.2～0.5g,致死量0.8～0.9g。

IDLH: +50 mg/cu m /Barium (sol cmpd as Ba)

参见<钡及其化合物>。

临床表现

参见<钡及其化合物>。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*... INGESTION OF ABOUT 7 G, THOUGH CAUSING SEVERE ABDOMINAL PAIN & NEAR-COLLAPSE, WAS EVENTUALLY FOLLOWED BY RECOVERY. [R10]

*... TOXIC DOSE OF BARIUM CHLORIDE ... /WAS GIVEN/ AS 0.2-0.5 G & LETHAL DOSE 2.4 G. [R10]

*FATAL DOSE OF BARIUM CHLORIDE FOR MAN HAS BEEN REPORTED TO BE ABOUT 0.8-0.9 G OR 550-600 MG OF BARIUM. [R30, 230]

*... PROLONGED WORK WITH CARDED WOOL WHICH HAD BEEN TREATED ... /WITH BARIUM CHLORIDE/ NEVER RESULTED IN INHALING OF ENOUGH ... TO CAUSE SUSPICION OF TOXIC SYMPTOMS. [R8]

*... Acute renal failure ... /followed/ barium chloride ingestion ... . [R31]

*Symptoms of abdominal pain, intractable diarrhea, and weakness were described in a 52 year old male eight hours after ingestion of 13 g barium chloride. These symptoms were followed closely by the development of hypokalemia, progressive paralysis, and hypertension. [R32]

*Acute barium toxicity in humans due to accidental or intentional ingestion of barium chloride ... has been described. Symptoms usually begin with rapid onset of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea due to stimulation of the GI tract musculature. Other symptoms and signs are hypokalemia, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac pacemaker malfunctions, muscular weakness, salivation, loss of tendon reflexes, tingling, paralysis and death in the severely poisoned. [R33]

*Electrocardiographic analysis of a 70 year old female who had ingested an unknown quantity of barium chloride was reported. Twelve hr after ingestion, the ECG revealed frequent ventricular extopic beats, widened QRS intervals and marked ST segment elevation. Systolic blood pressure was 60 mm Hg and gastrointestinal disturbances were apparent. Potassium chloride was infused (serum potassium was 2.5 mEq/l), but two hours after admission cardiac arrest ensued. Resuscitation measures were unsuccessful. [R34]

处理

参见<钡及其化合物>。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：美国ACGIH可溶性钡化合物TLV-TWA 0.5mg/m^3（以Ba计）; 其他国家同上。

危规：GB6.1 类61021。原铁规:无机有毒品,83004。UN NO.1564。IMDG CODE 6031页,6.1 类。

参考文献

袁茂基.氯化钡误作食用碱引起140例中毒.江苏医药1982; 8(5):39.

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