品名

正丁醇; n-Butyl alcohol; Butanol-1; CAS:71-36-3

理化性质

为无色挥发性液体。分子式C4-H10-O。分子量74.12。沸点117.7℃。蒸气相对密度2.56。7.7％溶于水（20℃）。

接触机会

在用于油漆、涂料、染料、人造纤维、树脂、橡胶、香料等工业生产过程中接触本品。

国内主要生产厂商:北京、天津酒精厂、上海、徐州、太原、南昌溶剂厂、黑龙江省友谊糖厂、福建蒲田地区仙游糖厂、淄博化工厂、上海化学试剂总厂

侵入途径

可经呼吸道和消化道吸收。

毒理学简介

人吸入TCLo: 25 ppm。

大鼠经口LD50: 790 mg/kg；吸入LC50: 8000 ppm/4H。小鼠经口LD50: 2680 mg/kg。兔经皮LD50: 3400 mg/kg。

属低毒类。动物吸入其蒸气后,可出现粘膜刺激和麻醉征象。皮肤多次接触可导致出血和坏死。

对人的毒性约较乙醇大3倍。IDLH: +1400 ppm（根据爆炸下限）。

临床表现

接触后的主要症状为眼、鼻、咽喉部刺激、头痛、眩晕和嗜睡。并可引起接触性皮炎。

美国HSDB引用文献：

*CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE POINTS TO BUTYL ALCOHOL VAPOR AS CAUSE OF A SPECIAL VACUOLAR KERATITIS IN HUMAN BEINGS. ... IN SOME PATIENTS VACUOLAR KERATOPATHY CAUSES NO COMPLAINTS, BUT IN THE MOST SEVERELY AFFECTED IT HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH PAIN & TEARING, CHARACTERISTICALLY MOST MARKED ON FIRST OPENING EYES IN MORNING. [R54]

*IN 10 YR STUDY OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO N-BUTYL ALC ... DURING EARLY PORTION OF THIS STUDY WHEN CONCN WAS 200 PPM OR ABOVE, OCCASIONAL INDIVIDUALS DEVELOPED INCREASING CORNEAL INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH BURNING SENSATION, BLURRING OF VISION, LACRIMATION AND PHOTOPHOBIA, BEGINNING AT MIDDLE OF THE WK & GROWING MORE SEVERE TOWARD THE END OF THE WK. [R1, 4576]

*TRANSIENT MILD EDEMA OF CONJUNCTIVA OF THE EYE & A SLIGHTLY REDUCED ERYTHROCYTE COUNT MAY OCCUR ABOVE 200 PPM. [R11, 110]

*... SERIOUS SYSTEMIC EFFECTS IN THE FORM OF AUDITORY NERVE & VESTIBULAR INJURY HAVE BEEN REPORTED IN WORKERS OUTSIDE THE USA (法国 AND MEXICO). [R55]

*AS EXTRAPOLATED FROM RAT DATA ... 3 TO 7 OZ REPRESENTS REASONABLE EST OF SINGLE ORAL MEAN LETHAL DOSE OF ANY BUTYL ALCOHOL IN MAN. /ALCOHOLS, HIGHER/ [R53,p. III-13]

*REPORT OF 3 CASES WITH SEVERE VERTIGO AFTER HANDLING BUTANOL & ISOBUTANOL. [R57]

*... BUTYL ALCOHOLS HAVE PRODUCED FEW CASES OF POISONING IN INDUSTRY BECAUSE OF THEIR LOW VOLATILITY. /BUTYL ALCOHOLS/ [R30, 564]

*A CASE IS REPORTED OF OCCUPATIONALLY ACQUIRED SENSITIVITY TO ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL IN WHICH, ON TESTING WITH GAS CHROMATOGRAPHICALLY PURIFIED MATERIAL, POSITIVE PATCH TEST REACTIONS WERE FOUND TO 1-PROPANOL, 1-BUTANOL, 2-PROPANOL, 2-BUTANOL. [R58]

*THE ACTIVITY OF PARTIALLY PURIFIED HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE ACID PHOSPHATASE (EAPASE) WAS ENHANCED 4-FOLD BY N-BUTANOL. THE EXTENT OF HUMAN PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE (PAPASE) ACTIVATION BY N-PROPANOL WAS LOWER THAN THAT OF EAPASE. EAPASE & PAPASE ACTIVATION BY ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS, INCLUDING N-BUTANOL WAS NONCOMPETITIVE. [R59]

处理

对症处理。

标准

车间空气卫生标准：

中国MAC丁醇200mg/m^3; 美国ACGIH TLVCL 152 mg/m3 (50 ppm) (skin)

危规：GB3.3类33552。原铁规:二级易燃液体,62018。UN NO.1120。IMDG CODE 3059、3120页,3类。

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