品名

次氯酸钠; 漂白水; 次亚氯酸钠; Sodium hypochlorite; CAS:7681-52-9

理化性质

无色至浅黄绿色液体。有氯臭。分子式NaClO。分子量74.44。有1、2.5、5、6、7多种水合物。七水盐（熔点19℃）及 五水盐（熔点27℃）为极不稳定的结晶，遇空气中二氧化碳即分解。一般以水溶液的形式存在。存在铁时呈红色。溶于冷水，在热水中分解为氯化钠、氯酸钠和氧，如混有可苛性钠则在空气中不稳定，能使红色石蕊试纸变蓝，继而退色。

危险性

与有机物、日光接触产生氯气。遇酸产生强刺激性气体。

接触机会

用于漂白、脱臭、杀菌、杀微生物等。

国内主要生产厂商:西安化工厂、北京化工四厂

侵入途径

由呼吸道、消化道吸收。

毒理学简介

人（女性）经口TDLo: 1 gm/kg。人（男性）静脉注射TDLo: 45 mg/kg。

小鼠经口LD50: 5800 mg/kg。

大量吸收时可引起高铁血红蛋白血症。对皮肤、粘膜有较强的刺激作用。

临床表现

经常用手接触本品的工人，手掌大量出汗，指甲变薄，毛发脱落。本品有致敏作用。本品放出的游离氯有可能引起中毒。

毒理学资料

LD50：8500mg/kg(小鼠经口)LC50：无资料

标准

危规:GB8.3 类83501。原铁规:其他腐蚀品,97001。UN NO.1791。IMDG CODE 8177页,8 类。

事故案例

*A 61 yr old woman was completing a hemodialysis treatment when routine cleaning of the hemodialysis machine was started. Approx 2 l of undiluted sodium hypochlorite cleaning soln was added to the dialysis bath. For less than 2 min the chlorox soaked membrane was in contact with the blood returning to the pt. This led to massive hemolysis, hyperkalemia, cyanosis, & cardiopulmonary arrest. [R29]

*Exposure to drain and sanitary cleansing vapors containing sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide provoked acute, reversible toxic alopecia. Trichograms of this depilatory type of alopecia showed signs of hair dystrophy and loss of the hair sheath. Histological exam of skin and hair showed changes in hair structures and discrete lymphocytic infiltration. The prerequisite for this effect was the improper use of cleansing agents and the relative conditions during use which led to the intense exposure of the scalp to sodium hypochlorite vapor. [R30]

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